medigraphic.com
ISSN 0188-2198 (Impreso)

2008, Número 2

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Mex Cardiol 2008; 19 (2)


Hipertensión sistólica aislada

González-Pliego JÁ, González-Marines D, Quirarte-Jiménez A, Guzmán-Sánchez CM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 68
Paginas: 73-80
Archivo PDF: 351.74 Kb.


RESUMEN

El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar la trascendencia epidemiológica, la fisiopatología y el tratamiento de la hipertensión sistólica aislada (HSA); se resalta la importancia del último y las evidencias del beneficio pronóstico que ofrece; se analizan las modalidades terapéuticas y el uso de fármacos antihipertensivos en condiciones asociadas a la HSA; finalmente, se advierte de las precauciones relativas al uso de las drogas hipotensoras en esta condición.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Wilking SV, Belanger A, Kannel WB, D, Agostino RB, Steel K. Determinants of isolated systolic hypertension. JAMA 1988; 260: 3451-3455.

  2. SHEP Cooperative Research Group. Prevention of stroke by antihypertensive drug treatment in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Final results of the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). JAMA 1991; 265: 3255-3264.

  3. Velázquez MO, Rosas PM, Lara EA, Pastelín HG, Grupo ENSA 2000, Attie F et al. Hipertensión arterial en México: Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENSA) 2000. Arch Cardiol Mex 2002; 72: 71-84.

  4. Weinberger MH. Treatment targets. Systolic or diastolic pressure? World Hypertension League. Available at: http://www.worldhypertensionleague.org/pages/professionals. Consulta; 01/09/2007

  5. Kannel WB, Cupples LA. How useful is diastolic blood pressure? Insights from the Framingham Study. J Am Coll Cardiol 1987; 9: 114A.

  6. Alli C, Avanzini F, Bettelli G, Colombo F, Torri V, Tognoni G. The long-term prognostic significance of repeated blood pressure measurements in the elderly: SPAA (Studio Sulla Pressione Arteriosa nell, Anziano) 10-year follow-up. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 1205-1212.

  7. Elliot WJ. Which blood pressure measurement is more important in the elderly? Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 1165-1166.

  8. O, Rourke MF, Hayward CS, Lehmann ED. Arterial stifness. In: Oparil S, Weber MA (eds.) Hypertension: A companion to Brenner and Rector, s The Kidney. Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders Company, 2000: 134-151.

  9. Franklin SS, Gustin W IV, Wong ND, Larson MG, Weber MA, Kannel WB et al. Hemodynamic patterns of age-related change in blood pressure: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation 1997; 96: 308-315.

  10. Kannel WB, Gordon T, Schwartz MJ. Systolic versus diastolic blood pressure and risk of coronary heart disease: The Framingham Study. Am J Cardiol 1971; 27: 335-346.

  11. Kannel WB, Wolf PA, McGee DL, Dawber TR, McNamara P, Castelli WP. Systolic blood pressure, arterial rigidity and risk of stroke. The Framingham Study. JAMA 1981; 245; 1225-1229.

  12. Zieman SJ, Melenovsky V, Kass DA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology and therapy of arterial stiffness. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25: 932-943.

  13. Franklin SS. Hypertension in older people: Part I. J Clin Hypertens 2006; 8: 444-449.

  14. Visse R, Nagase H. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: structure, function and biochemistry. Circ Res 2003; 92: 827-839.

  15. Rajagopalan S, Meng XP, Ramasamy S, Harrison DG, Galis ZS. Reactive oxigen species produced by macrophage-derived foam cells regulate the activity of vascular matrix metalloproteinases in vitro. Implications for atherosclerotic plaque stability. J Clin Invest 1996; 98: 2572-2579.

  16. Galis ZS, Khatri JJ. Matrix metalloproteinases in vascular remodeling and atherogenesis: the good, the bad and the ugly. Circ Res 2002; 90: 251-262.

  17. Lakata EG. Arterial and cardiac aging: major shareholders in cardiovascular diseases enterprises: Part III: cellular and molecular clues to heart and arterial aging. Circulation 2003; 107: 490-497.

  18. Bizbiz L, Alperovitch A, Robert L. Aging of the vascular wall: serum concentration of elastin peptides and elastase inhibitors in relation to cardiovascular risk factors. The EVA study. Atherosclerosis 1997; 131: 73-78.

  19. Rojas A, Romay S, González D, Herrera B, Delgado R, Otero K. Regulation of endotelial nitric oxide synthase expression by albumin-derived advanced glycosylation end products. Cir Res 2000; 39: 249-254.

  20. Taddei S, Virdis A, Ghiadoni L, Salvetti G, Bernini G, Magagna A et al. Age-related reduction of NO availability and oxidative stress in humans. Hypertension 2001; 38: 274-279.

  21. Dzau VJ. Significance of the vascular renin-angiotensin pathway. Hypertension 1986; 8: 553-559.

  22. Park JB, Schiffrin EL. Receptor antagonist prevents blood pressure elevation and vascular remodeling in aldosterone-infused rats. Hypertension 2001; 37: 1444-1449.

  23. Blacher J, Amah G, Girerd X, Kheder A, Ben Mais H, London GM et al. Association between of increased plasma levels of aldosterone and decreased systemic arterial compliance in subjects with essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1997; 10: 1326-1334.

  24. Safar ME, Thuilliez C, Richard V, Benetos A. Pressure-independent contribution of sodium to large artery structure and function in hypertension. Cardiovasc Res 2000; 46: 269-276.

  25. Bagrov AY, Lakata EG. The dietary sodium-blood pressure plot “stiffens”. Hypertension 2004; 44: 22-24.

  26. González-Pliego JA, León ZR. Conceptos actuales sobre la enfermedad hipertensiva sistémica en la senectud. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 1990; 60: 99-108.

  27. Messerli FH. Osler, s, maneuver, pseudohypertension in the elderly. Am J Med 1986; 80: 906-910.

  28. Kannel WB. Cardiovascular disease preventive measures for the older patient: an epidemiologic perspective. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 2006; 15: 382-388.

  29. Staessen JA, Fagard R, Thijs L, Celis H, Arabidze G, Birkenhager WH et al, for the Systolic Hypertension in Europe (Syst-Eur) Trial Investigators. Randomized double-blind comparison of placebo and active treatment for older patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Lancet 1997; 350: 757-764.

  30. Gueyffier F, Bulpitt C, Boissel JP, Schron E, Ekbom T. Fagard R et al. Antihypertensive drugs in very old people : a subgroup meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Lancet 1999; 353: 793-796.

  31. Mulrow C, Lau J, Brand M. Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in the elderly. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 3, 2007.

  32. Liu L, Wang JL, Gong L, Liu G, Staessen JA. For the Syst-China Collaborative Group. Comparison of active treatment and placebo in older Chinese patients with isolated systolic hypertension. J Hypertens 1998; 16: 1823-1829.

  33. Franklin SS. Hypertension in older people: Part 2. J Clin Hypertens 2006; 8: 521-525.

  34. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 Report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560-2572. (Erratum, JAMA 2003; 290: 197).

  35. World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension Writing Group. 2003 World Health Organization (WHO) /International Society of Hypertension (ISH) Statement on Management of Hypertension. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1983-1992.

  36. The Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. European Heart J 2007; 28: 1462-1536.

  37. Gates PE, Tanaka H, Hiatt WR, Seals DR. Dietary sodium restriction rapidly improves large elastic artery compliance in older adults with systolic hypertension. Hypertension 2004; 44: 35-41.

  38. Appel LJ, Espeland MA, Easter L, Wilson AC, Folmar S, Lacy CR. Effects of reduced sodium intake on hypertension control in older individuals: results from the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly (TONE). Arch Intern Med 2001; 161: 685-693.

  39. Cook NR, Cutler J, Obarzanek E, Buring JE, Rexrode KM, Kumanyika SK et al, for the Trials of Hypertension Prevention Collaborative Research Group. Long term effects of dietary sodium reduction on cardiovascular disease outcomes: observational follow-up of the trials of hypertension prevention (TOHP). BMJ, doi:10.1136/bmj.39147.604896.55 (published online 20 April 2007).

  40. Miyachi M, Donato AJ, Yamamoto K, Takahashi K, Gates PE, Moreau KL et al. Greater age-related reductions in central arterial compliance in resistance-trained men. Hypertension 2003; 41: 130-135.

  41. Green DJ, Bilsborough W, Naylos LN, Reed C, Wright J, O, Driscoll G et al. Comparison of forearm blood flow responses to incremental handgrip and cycle ergometer exercise: relative contribution of nitric oxide. J Physiol 2005; 562: 617-628.

  42. Sierksma A, Muller M, van der Schouw YT, Grobbee DE, Hendriks HF, Bots ML. Alcohol consumption and arterial stiffness in men. J Hypertens 2004; 22: 357-362.

  43. Beulens JW, Sierksma A, van Tol A, Fournier M, van Gent T, Paul JL et al. Moderate alcohol consumption increases cholesterol efflux mediated by ABCA 1. J Lipid Res 2004; 45: 1716-1723.

  44. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists, Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomized trials. Lancet 2003; 362: 1527-1535.

  45. Chobanian A. Isolated Systolic Hypertension. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 789-796.

  46. Somes GW, Pahor M, Shorr RI, Cushman WC, Applegate WB. The role of the diastolic blood pressure when treating isolated systolic hypertension. Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 2004-2009.

  47. Fagard R, Staessen J, Thijs L, Celis H, Bulpitt C, de Leeuw P et al. On-treatment diastolic blood pressure and prognosis in systolic hypertension. Arch Intern Med 2007; 167: 1884-1891.

  48. Ravid M, Lang R, Rachmani R, Lishner M. Long-term renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a 7-year follow-up study. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156: 286-289.

  49. Parving HH, Lehnert H, Bröchner-Mortensen J, Gomis R, Andersen S, Arner P, for the Irbersartan in patients with type-2 diabetes and microalbuminuria study group. The effect of Ibersartan on the development of diabetic nephropaty in patients with type 2 diabetes. New Engl J Med 2001; 345: 870-878.

  50. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). Available at: www.guideline.gov Consulta: 18/09/2007.

  51. Swedberg K, Cleland J, Dargie H, Drexler H, Follath F, Komajda M et al. Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure: Executive Summary (Update 2005). The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2005; 26: 1115-1140.

  52. Gibbons RJ, Abrams J, Chatterjee K, Daley J, Deedwania PC, Douglas JS et al. ACC/AHA 2002 guideline update for the management of patients with chronic stable angina – summary article: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on the Management of Patients with Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol 2003; 41: 159-168.

  53. Grimm RH, Flack JM, Grandits GA, Elmer P, Neaton J, Cutler J et al, for the Treatment of Mild Hypertension Study (TOMHS) Research Group. Long-term effects on plasma lipids of diet and drugs to treat hypertension. JAMA 1996; 275: 1549-1556.

  54. Alderman MH, Cohen H, Roqué R, Madhavan S. Effect of long-acting and short acting calcium antagonists on cardiovascular outcomes in hypertensive patients. Lancet 1997; 349: 594-598.

  55. Vestal RE, Word AJ, Shand DG. Reduced beta adrenoceptor sensitivity in the elderly. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979; 29: 181-186.

  56. Monahan KD, Dinenno FA, Seals DR, Clevenger CM, Desouza CA, Tanaka H. Age-associated changes in cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity are related to central arterial compliance. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2001; 282: H284-H289.

  57. Messerli FH, Ventura HO, Glade LB, Sundgaard-Riise K, Dunn FG, Frohlich ED. Essential hypertension in the elderly: haemodynamics, intravascular volume, plasma rennin activity, and circulating cathecholamine levels. Lancet 1983; 2: 983-986.

  58. Lipsitz LA. Orthostatic hypotension in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 952-957.

  59. Williams BR, Kim J. Cardiovascular drug therapy in the elderly: Theoretical and practical considerations. Drugs Aging 2003; 20: 445-463.

  60. Friedman SA, Raizner AE, Rosen H, Solomon NA, Sy W. Functional defects in the aging kidney. Ann Intern Med 1972; 76: 41-45.

  61. Zillich AJ, Garg J, Basu S, Bakris GL, Carter BL. Thiazide diuretics, potassium, and the development of diabetes: a quantitative review. Hypertension 2006: 48219-224.

  62. Elliot WJ, Meyer PM. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis. Lancet 2007; 369: 201-207 (Erratum, Lancet 2007; 369: 1518.).

  63. Messerli FH, Grossman E, Goldbourt U. Are b-blockers efficacious as first-line therapy for hypertension in the elderly? A systematic review. JAMA 1998; 279: 1903-1907.

  64. Bangalore S, Messerli FH, Kostis JB, Pepine CJ. Cardiovascular protection using beta-blockers. A critical review of the evidence. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 50: 563-572.

  65. Khan N, McAlister F. Re-examining the efficacy of b-blockers for the treatment of hypertension: a meta-analysis. CMAJ 2006; 174: 1737-1742.

  66. Williams B, Lacy PS, Thom SM, Cruickshank K, Stanton A, Collier D et al. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation 2006; 113: 1213-1225.

  67. Dart AM, Cameron JD, Gatzka CD, Willson K, Liang YL, Berry K et al. Similar effects of treatment on central and brachial blood pressures in older hypertensive subjects in the Second Australian National Blood Pressure Trial. Hypertension 2007; 49: 1242-1247.

  68. Bangalore S, Parkar S, Grossman E, Messerli FH. A meta-analysis of 94,492 patients with hypertension treated with b-blockers to determine the risk of new onset diabetes mellitus. Am J Card (published online 10 August 2007).




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com