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2007, Número 4

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Vet Mex 2007; 38 (4)


Células madre y células troncoembrionarias: Diferencias biológicas

Dolly Macías Riveros, Juan Carlos Vázquez Chagoyán, Rogelio Alonso Morales, Marco Cajero Juárez

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 77
Paginas: 477-501
Archivo PDF: 586.36 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las células madre o progenitoras se han clasificado según su lecho natural de derivación, su aptitud y su función diferencial, en tres tipos: totipotenciales, pluripotenciales y multipotenciales; las primeras, llamadas células madre embrionarias, derivadas del cigoto en estadio de mórula; las segundas, provenientes de la masa celular interna (MCI) del blastocisto; las terceras, denominadas células madre somáticas, se encuentran en algunos tejidos adultos. La diferencia biológica radica en su capacidad para producir diversos linajes celulares; las totipotentes están biológicamente aptas para dar origen a un organismo completo; las pluripotentes pueden generar todos los tipos celulares, incluida la línea germinal; y las multipotentes pueden derivar en linajes específicos. Las células troncales tienen la capacidad de autorrenovación y de originar células hijas comprometidas con determinadas rutas del desarrollo; se caracterizan porque se dividen indefinidamente y además se diferencian de manera morfológica y funcional. Cuando las células troncoembrionarias y algunos tipos de células progenitoras se extraen de su entorno natural y se cultivan in vitro, en medios adecuados, pueden ser transfectadas y se mantienen indiferenciadas, sin perder su potencial; así, al reintroducirse a blastocistos receptores continúan su desarrollo. El estudio y la compilación de información acerca de estas cualidades biológicas de función diferencial, así como su utilidad para aprovechar la recombinación homóloga y para producir modelos animales que generen proteínas recombinantes, aplicables en medicina preventiva-regenerativa y tratamiento de enfermedades, constituyen el objetivo de este trabajo.


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