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2007, Número 5

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Gac Med Mex 2007; 143 (5)


Meduloblastoma en pediatría. Pronóstico y tratamiento en la actualidad

Rivera-Luna R, Niembro-Zúñiga AV, Zarco A, Marhx-Bracho, Cárdenas-Cardós R, Olaya-Vargas A, Rueda-Franco F, Martínez-Ávalos A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 415-420
Archivo PDF: 84.33 Kb.


RESUMEN

En México, los tumores del sistema nervioso central representan el tercer lugar de todas las neoplasias malignas. El meduloblastoma constituye 20% de los tumores primarios del sistema nervioso central y 40% de los que se originan en el cerebelo; es el tumor maligno más frecuente en la niñez. Su origen se sitúa en la capa granular externa, normalmente migra del vermis hacia la superficie de los hemisferios cerebelosos y de ahí hacia las porciones profundas para poblar la capa granular interna de las folias. Estos tumores infiltran difusamente a través de las capas moleculares de la corteza cerebelosa por debajo de la pía, similar a lo que ocurre normalmente en las etapas embrionarias. Se diseminan por la circulación del líquido cefalorraquídeo con siembras a lo largo del espacio subaracnoideo y alrededor de la médula espinal para eventualmente salirse del sistema nervioso central y diseminarse a hueso, hígado, médula ósea y otros sitios menos frecuentes. Existen en la actualidad factores pronósticos bien definidos, así como el concepto de tratamiento multidisciplinario que ha condicionado mejores expectativas de supervivencia. El objetivo de esta revisión es actualizar el conocimiento de este tipo de tumores en nuestro país, así como los resultados terapéuticos.


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