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1999, Número 2

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Vet Mex 1999; 30 (2)


Caracterización de los procesos neumónicos en becerros lecheros de la región de Tijuana, Baja California, México

Pijoan AP, Aguilar RF, Morales AJF

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 41
Paginas: 149-155
Archivo PDF: 53.27 Kb.


RESUMEN

Este estudio se realizó con objeto de caracterizar los procesos neumónicos sufridos por becerras lecheras de Tijuana, Baja California, México, así como conocer la importancia relativa de los principales agentes bacterianos involucrados. En 12 establos, con distintos tipos de alojamientos para sus crías, se obtuvieron muestras pulmonares de un total de 100 becerras, de 15 días a 4 meses de edad, con antecedentes de haber padecido neumonía. La mayor parte de los problemas neumónicos se presentaron en granjas que alojaron a sus crías dentro de edificios, mientras que las que utilizaban casetas exteriores mostraron el menor índice de mortalidad ocasionado por neumonías. Las muestras pulmonares fueron sembradas por duplicado en agar sangre y agar chocolate, e incubadas a 37°C por 24 h en aerobiosis o microaerobiosis, respectivamente. Las bacterias aisladas fueron identificadas de acuerdo a los métodos bioquímicos rutinarios, utilizando cepas de referencia como control. Se aisló Pasteurella multocida en 34 animales, P. haemolytica en 31 casos y Haemophilus somnus en 11 ocasiones. Además se aislaron diversas bacterias consideradas como secundarias: Streptococcus spp en 12 casos y Staphylococcus spp en 7 animales. La totalidad de las cepas aisladas de P. multocida fueron clasificadas como del biotipo A, al igual que las 31 cepas de P. haemolytica. De estas últimas, 26 cepas (83.9%) se clasificaron como serotipo 1 y solamente 2 cepas se caracterizaron como serotipo 2, detectándose 3 cepas no tipificables.


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