Córdoba SU, Navarro ZJE, Durán PEG, Peralta CJA, Alexanderson REG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 35
Paginas: 514-524
Archivo PDF: 263.56 Kb.

RESUMEN

Roger Guillemin obtuvo el Premio Nobel de Medicina por su planteamiento de que la secreción pituitaria estaba controlada por el hipotálamo, y por la investigación y aislamiento de las primeras hormonas hipotalámicas, las cuales fueron descritas posteriormente. En la actualidad, estas hormonas se denominan factores liberadores hipotalámicos. En su mayor parte son péptidos, con excepción de la dopamina, que es una amina biogénica y que constituye el principal factor inhibidor de la prolactina. Además de regular la liberación de hormonas pituitarias, algunos de estos factores controlan el crecimiento celular hipofisiario, la diferenciación, proliferación y síntesis hormonal. Tienen ciertas peculiaridades: pueden actuar como neurotrasmisores o neuromoduladores, o sobre una o más hormonas hipofisiarias, realizar un control dual y ejercer en sí mismas un control de retroalimentación negativa. Ya se encuentran disponibles para investigación y tratamiento; además, se han sintetizado análogos para el manejo de diversas enfermedades. Este artículo de revisión trata de los principales factores liberadores disponibles, de sus aspectos biológicos y su aplicación clínica, con el fin de dar un panorama general sobre su uso potencial en la práctica cotidiana.

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