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2007, Número 5

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Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2007; 45 (5)


Subtipos electrofisiológicos del síndrome de Guillain-Barré en adultos mexicanos

Zúñiga-González EA, Rodríguez-de la Cruz A, Millán-Padilla J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 463-468
Archivo PDF: 134.68 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: el síndrome de Guillain-Barré es una polirradiculoneuropatía autoinmune que se divide en subtipos desmielinizantes y axonales. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la frecuencia de dichos subtipos electrofisiológicos en adultos mexicanos.
Material y métodos: análisis observacional, retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo. En un periodo de tres años se seleccionaron pacientes con criterios clínicos y electrofisiológicos de síndrome de Guillain-Barré, con examen neurofisiológico entre los siete y 28 días de evolución, edad mayor de 15 años, sin enfermedades coexistentes graves. Fueron realizados estudios de conducción motora en nervios mediano, cubital, tibial y peroneo; y de conducción sensitiva antidrómica, en nervios mediano, cubital y sural. Se llevó a cabo análisis estadístico descriptivo, de varianza y χ2.
Resultados: se incluyeron 51 pacientes con edad media de 45.5 ± 17 años (rango 16-79); 37 hombres y 14 mujeres; 37 % de los casos se presentó en invierno (p = 0.56); de los subtipos electrofisiológicos, 39 % correspondió a neuropatía axonal motora aguda, 23.5 % a polineuropatía desmielinizante inflamatoria aguda, 20 % a neuropatía de tipo mixto y 17.5 % a neuropatía axonal motora sensitiva aguda.
Conclusiones: el subtipo electrofisiológico más frecuente fue la neuropatía axonal motora aguda, con alta presentación de neuropatía de tipo mixto y neuropatía axonal motora sensitiva aguda; predominaron las formas axonales del síndrome de Guillain-Barré.


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