medigraphic.com
Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Guadalajara y del OPD Hospitales Civiles de Guadalajara

2006, Número 3

<< Anterior

Inv Salud 2006; 8 (3)


Regulación neuroendócrina del hambre, la saciedad y mantenimiento del balance energético

González HME, Ambrosio MKG, Sánchez ES

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas: 191-200
Archivo PDF: 397.62 Kb.


RESUMEN

El hambre, la saciedad y el balance energético, se regulan por un sistema neuroendocrino redundante, integrado a nivel del hipotálamo. El sistema consiste de una compleja red de circuitos neurohormonales, que incluyen señales moleculares de origen periférico y central, de corta y de larga duración; así como, otros factores de tipo sensorial, mecánico y cognoscitivo. El sistema minimiza el impacto de fluctuaciones de la ingesta y el gasto energético sobre la masa grasa y el peso corporal. Las señales de corta duración, en su mayoría hormonas del tracto gastrointestinal, regulan la cantidad de alimento consumida en cada tiempo de comida. Las señales de larga duración reflejan el tamaño de la reserva grasa. Los conocimientos de nuevas señales moleculares con efectos orexígenos o anorexígenos y de sus funciones en el mantenimiento de la homeostasis energética, serán de utilidad para diseñar mejores estrategias farmacológicas en el tratamiento de los trastornos de la alimentación.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Woods SC, Schwartz MW, Baskin DG, Seeley RJ. Food Intake and the Regulation of Body Weight. Annual Reviews of Psychology, 2000; 51:255-277.

  2. Schwartz MW, Woods SC, Porte DJ, Seeley RJ, Baskin DG. “Central nervous system control of food intake”. Nature, 2000; 404(6778):661-671.

  3. De Araujo IE, Gutierrez R, Oliveira-Maia AJ, Pereira AJr, Nicolelis MA, Simon SA. “Neural ensemble coding of satiety states”. Neuron 2006; 51(4): 483-494.

  4. Blundell JE, Stubbs RJ. Diet composition and the control of food intake in humans. En: Bray GA, Bouchard C, James WPT, eds. Handbook of obesity. New York: Marce Dekker, 1998.

  5. Mayer J. “Regulation of energy intake and the body weight: the glucostatic and lipostatic hypothesis”. Ann NY Acad Sci,1955;63: 14-42

  6. Kennedy GC. “The role of depot fat in the hypothalamic control of food intake in rat”. Proc R Soc Lond Biol Sci,1953; 140:578-592.

  7. Fisler JS, Egawa M, Bray GA. “Peripheral 3-hydroxybutyrate and food intake in a model of dietary fat-induced obesity: effect of vagotomy”. Physiol Behav, 1995; 58:1-7.

  8. Rolls ET. “Brain mechanisms underlaying flavour and apetite”. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2006; 361(1471):1123-1136.

  9. Lebowitz SE. “Neurochemical-neuroendocrine system in the brain controlling macronutrient intake and metabolism”. Trends Neurosci 1992; 15:491-497.

  10. Hill AJ, Blundell JE. “Macronutrients and satiety: the effects of a highcarbohydrate meal on subjective motivation to eat and food preference”. Nutr Behav, 1986; 3:133-144.

  11. Schwarts MW, Porte D. “Diabetes, obesity and the brain”. Science 2005; 307:375-379.

  12. Lam TKT, Schwarts GJ, Rossetti L. “Hypothalamic sensing of fatty acids”. Nat Neurosci 2005; 8:579-584.

  13. Strack AM, Sebastian RJ, Schwartz MW, Dallman MF. “Glucocorticoids and insulin: reciprocal signals for energy balance”. Am J Physiol, 1995; 268:R142-R149.

  14. Tempel DL, McEwen BS, Leibowitz SF. “Effects of adrenal steroid agonists on food intake and macronutrient selection”. Physiol Behav, 1992; 52:1161-1166.

  15. Tataranni PA, Larson DE, Snitker S, Young JB, Flatt JP, Ravussin E. “Effects of glucocorticoids on energy metabolism and food intake in humans”. Am J Physiol, 1996; 271:E317-E325.

  16. Smith GP, Gibbs J. “Satiating effect of cholecystokinin”. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1994; 713: 236-241.

  17. Brunetti L, Michelotto B, Orlando G, Vacca M. “Leptin inhibits norepinephrine and dopamine release from rat hypothalamic neuronal endings”. Eur J Pharmacol,1999; 372:237-240.

  18. De Fonseca RF, Navarro M, Gomez R, Escudero L, Nava F, Fu J,et all. “An anorexic lipid mediator regulated by feeding”. Nature, 2001; 414 (6860):209-212.

  19. Cota D & Woods CS. “The role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of energy homeostasis”. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes, 2005; 12: 338-351.

  20. Pagotto U, Marsicano G, Cota D, Lutz D & Pasquali R. “The emerging role of the endocannabinoid system in endocrine regulation and energy balance”. Endocrine Reviews 2006; 27:73-100.

  21. Gibbs J, Young RC, Smith GP. “Cholecystokinin decreases food intake in rats”. J Comp Physiol Psychol, 1973;84:488-495.

  22. Liddle RA, Morita ET, Conrad CK, Williams JA. “Regulation of gastric emptying in humans by cholecystokinin”. J Clin Invest, 1986; 77:992-996.

  23. Hayes MR, Chory FM, Gallagher CA, Covasa M. “Serotonin type-3 receptor mediate cholecystokinin-induced satiation through gastric distention”. Am J Physiol Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 291(1):R115-123.

  24. West DB, Fey D, Woods SC. “Cholecystokinin persistently suppresses meal size but not food intake in free-feeding rats”. Am J Physiol, 1984;246: R776-R787.

  25. Murahainen N, Kissileff HR, Derogatis AJ, Pi-Sunyer FX. “Effects of cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) on food intake and gastric emptying in man”. Physiol Beba, 1988; 44:645-649.

  26. Liu M, Shen L, Tso P. “The role of enterostatin and apolipoprotein AIV on the control of food intake”. Neuropeptides, 1999; 33:425-433.

  27. Erlanson-Albertsson C, York D. “Enterostatin: a peptide regulating fat intake”. Obes Res, 1997; 5:360-372.

  28. Drucker DJ. “Glucagon-like peptides”. Diabetes,1998;47:159-169.

  29. Flint A, Raben A, Astrup A, Holst JJ. “Glucagon-like peptide 1 promotes satiety and suppresses energy intake in humans”. J Clin Invest, 1998; 101:515-520.

  30. Valverde I, Cancelas J, y Villanueba-Penacarrillo ML. “El GLP-1: Acción biológica y posibles efectos terapéuticos”. Endocrinol Nutr 2006; 53(4):256-262

  31. Naslund E, King N, Mansten S, Adner N, Holst JJ, Gutniak M, et al. “Prandial subcutaneous injection of glucagons-like peptide-1 cause weight loss in obese human subjects”. Br J Nutr 2004; 91: 439-446.

  32. Turton MD,O’Shea D, Gunn I, Beak SA, Edwards CMB, Meeran K, et al. “A role for glucagon-like peptide 1 in central regulation of feeding”. Nature 1996; 379:69-72.

  33. Kreymann B, Ghatei MA, Burnet P, Williams G, Kanse S, Diani AR y cols. “Characterization of glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide in the hypothalamus”. Brain Res, 1989; 502:325-331.

  34. Tang-Christensen M, Larsen PJ, Goke R, Fink-Jensen A, Jessop DS, Moller M, Sheikh SP. “Central administration of GLP-1-(7-36) amide inhibits food and water intake in rats”. Am J Physiol , 1996;271: R848-R856.

  35. Egan JM, Meneilly GS, Habener JF, Elahi D. “Glucagon-like peptide-1 augments insulin-mediate glucose uptake in the obese state”. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002; 87:3768-3773.

  36. Gutzwiller JP, Drewe J, Hildebrand P, Rossi L, Lauper JZ, Beglinger C. “Effect of intravenous human gastrin-releasing peptide on food intake in humans”. Gastroenterology, 1994; 106:1168-1173.

  37. Penicaud L,Leloup C, Fioramonti X, Lorsignol A, y Benani A. “Brain glucose sensing: a subtle mechanism”. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2006; 9:458-462.

  38. Bray GA & Greenway FL. “Current and potencial drugs for treatment of obesity”. Endocrine Reviews, 1999; 20(6):805-875.

  39. Van den Top M, Spanswick D. “Integration of metabolic stimuli in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus”. Prog Brain Res 2006; 153:141-154.

  40. Leibowitz SF, Hoebel BG. Behavioral neuroscience of obesity. En: Bray GA, Bouchard C, James WPT eds. Handbook of obesity neuroscience of obesity. New York: Marce Dekker, 1998.

  41. Kirchgessner AL. “Orexins in the brain-gut axis”. Endocrine Rev, 2002; 23:1-15.

  42. Malacara H. JM. “Mecanismos regulatorios de la ingestion de alimentos al fin untratamiento a la vista?”. Rev.de Endocrinologia y Nutricion, 2004; 12(4):188-198.

  43. Gibson EL, Wainwright CJ, Booth DA. “Disguised protein in lunch after low-protein breakfast conditions food-flavor preferences dependent on recent lack of protein intake”. Physiol Behav, 1995; 58:363-371.

  44. Sergeyev V, Broberger C, Gorbatyuk O, Hokfelt T. “Effect of 2-mercaptoacetate and 2-deoxy-D-glucose administration on the expression of NPY, AGRP, POMC, MCH and hypocretin/orexin in the rat hypothalamus”. Neuroreport, 2000; 11:117-121.

  45. Van Der Lely AJ, Tschop M, Heiman ML & Ghigo E. “Biological, physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of ghrelin”. Endocrine Reviews, 2004; 25:426-457.

  46. Valera Mora ME Scarfone A,Valenza V,Calvini M, Greco AV, Gasbarini G, y Mingrone G. “Ghrelin does not influence gastric emptying in obese subjects”. Obes Res 2005; 13(4):739-744.

  47. Milke Garcia MdelP. “Ghrelin: beyond hunger regulation”. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2005; 70(4):465-474.

  48. Tschop M, Weyer C, Tataranni PA, Devanarayan V, Ravussin E, Heiman Ml. “Circulating ghrelin levels are decreased in human obesity”. Diabetes 2001:50:707-709.

  49. Kieffern TJ & Habener JF. “The adipoinsular axis: effects of leptin on pancreatic 􀃤–cell”. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2000; 278:E1-E14.

  50. Blundell JE, Goodson S & JCG Halford. “Regulation of appetite: Role of leptin in signaling system for drive and satiety”. Int J Ob 2001; 25 Suppl 1:S29-S30.

  51. Sahu A. “Minireview:A hypothalamic role in energy balance with special emphasis on leptin”. Endocrinology 2004; 145:2613-2620.

  52. Moschos SJ, y Mantzoros CS. “The emerging clinical significance of leptin in humans with absolute or relative leptin deficiency”. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005; 12:332-337.

  53. Akio I & Meguid MM. “Cachexia and obesity: two sides of one coin”. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2003; 6:395-399.

  54. Pliquett RU, Fuhrer D, Falks S, Zysset S, Von Cramon DY, Stumvoll M. “The effects of insulin on the central nervous system focus on apetite regulation”. Horm Metab Res 2006; 38(7):442-446.

  55. Guo YMa l,Enriori PJ, Franks PW, Brookhire T, Cowley MA, Salbe AD, Delparigi A, Tataranni PA. “Physiological evidence for the involvement of peptide YY in the regulation of energy homeostasis in humans”. Obesity 2006; 14(9):1562-1570

  56. Batterham RL, Cowley MA, Small CJ, Herzog H, Cohen MA, Dakin CL, Wren AM, Brynes AE, Low MJ, Ghatei MA, Cone RD, Bloom SR. “Gut hormone PYY 3-36 physiologically inhibits food intake”. Nature, 2002; 418(6898):650-654.

  57. Korner J & Aronne J L. “The emerging science of body weight regulation and its impact on obesity treatment”. J Clin Invest, 2003; 111:565-570.

  58. Pritchard LE, Turnbull AV & White A. “Pro-opiomelanocortin processing in the hypothalamus: impact on melanocortin signaling and obesity”. J Endocrinol, 2002; 172:411-421.

  59. Kristensen P, Martin EJ, Thim L, Ribel U, et al. “Hypotalamic CART is a new anorectic peptide regulated by leptin”. Nature, 1998;393:72-76.

  60. Thim L, Nielsen P, et al. “Purification and characterization of a new hypothalamic satiety peptide, cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART), produced in yeast”. FEBS Letters, 1998; 428:263-268.

  61. Challis BG, Yeo GSH, Farooqi S, et al. “The CART Gene and Human Obesity”. Diabetes, 2000; 49(5):872-875.

  62. Okumura, Toshikatu; Yamada, Hiroto; Motomura,Wataru; Khogo, Yutaka. “Cocaine-Amphetamine-Regulated Transcript (CART) acts in the central nervous system to inhibit gastric acid secretion via brain corticotrpin-releasing factor system”. Endocrinology, 2000; 14(8):2854-2860.

  63. Uhehara Y, Shimizu H, Ohtani K, Sato N, Mori M. “Hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone is a mediator of the anorexigenic effect of leptin”. Diabetes, 1998; 47:890-893.

  64. Lawrence BC, Turnbull AV, Rothwell NJ. “Hypothalamic control of feeding”. Cur Opinion in neurobiology, 1999; 9:778-783.

  65. Seal LJ, Small CJ, Dhillo WS, Stanley SA, Abbot C, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. “PRL-releasing peptide inhibits food intake in male rats via the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus and not the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus”. Endocrinology, 2001; 142:4236-4243.

  66. Fruhbeck G, Gomez-Ambrosi J, Muruzabal FJ & Burell MA. “The adipocyte: a model for integration of endocrine and metabolic signaling in energy metabolism regulation”. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 2001; 280:E827-E847.

  67. Meguid MM, Pichard C. “Cytokines: the mother of catabolic mediators”. Curr Opin Clinic Nutr Metab Care 2003; 6:383-386.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com