2006, Número 3
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Arch Neurocien 2006; 11 (3)
Endocanabinoides y su modulación en el sueño
Murillo-Rodríguez E, Drucker-Colín R
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 94
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 171.37 Kb.
RESUMEN
A principios de los 1990s, se descubrieron proteínas transmembranales que reconocían al componente activo de la marihuana, el delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol (”À
9-THC). Dichos receptores se clasificaron de acuerdo a su localización en centrales y periféricos. Eventualmente de esta forma fueron caracterizados y denominados como receptores para canabinoides CB y CB, respectivamente.
En la actualidad se ha reportado la presencia en el sistema nervioso central (SNC) de lípidos que se unen a los receptores CB y CB. Los efectos evaluados en roedores han demostrado que la administración de dichas moléculas induce efectos canabimimeticos, de tal forma que dichas moléculas han sido sugeridas como canabinoides endógenos o endocanabinoides. Anandamida (ANA), 2-araquidonilglicerol (2-AG), Virodamina (VIR), noladin-éter (NE) y N-araquidonildopamina (NADA) son moléculas que pertenecen a la familia de los endocanabinoides.
El sistema de canabinoides endógenos, o endocanabinoides, está presente en el SNC tanto de roedores como en humanos. Este sistema incluye receptores, ligandos endógenos y enzimas. Dado que ANA fué el primer endocanabinoide descrito, ha sido el más estudiado. Experimentos farmacológicos han reportado que este endocanabinoide induce diversos cambios intracelulares y conductuales. Desafortunadamente no existe en la literatura suficiente evidencia experimental sobre el papel fisiológico del 2-AG, VIR, NE y NADA.
El papel neurobiológico de los endocanabinoides incluye aspectos en la modulación de diversas conductas como el aprendizaje, ingesta de alimento, percepción al dolor y el ciclo sueño-vigilia. En el presente artículo revisaremos los principales elementos del sistema de endocanabinoides así como su función fisiológica en la modulación de los estados de vigilancia.
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