Páez NM, Caicedo EE, Alberto EJ, Ladino MLD, López GS, González GC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 91
Paginas: 112-122
Archivo PDF: 195.98 Kb.

RESUMEN

El tinitus y las alucinaciones auditivas son sensaciones de percepción de sonido en ausencia de sonido externo, afectan al 15% de la población, y puede ser completamente incapacitante para los pacientes. Se han identificado tres tipos: tinitus objetivo, causado por sonidos generados en alguna parte del cuerpo; para este tipo no existe un tratamiento 100% efectivo. Tinitus subjetivo, definido como la percepción de sonidos sin sonidos físicos presentes. La fisiopatología se parece a la del dolor neuropático o por deaferentación, es decir, que el común denomi- nador es el resultado de una reorganización cortical somatotópica (en el caso del dolor neuropático) o tono tópica en el caso del tinitus, por la plasticidad neuronal, que crea neopercepciones, que generan síntomas. Alucinación auditiva es la percepción de sonidos sin sentido, musicales o de lenguaje. Parece involucrada en su fisiopatología, una vía auditiva no clásica, usada en la infancia, que conecta la vía coclear con estructu- ras límbicas, antes de ser moduladas por las cortezas auditivas, explicando esto algunos síntomas asociados al tinitus. El diagnóstico es complejo, busca causas morfológicas y funcionales, desde el conducto auditivo externo, hasta la corteza, sin desconocer, el efecto de enfermedades sistémicas como la hipertensión arterial su generación. El tratamiento no esta estandarizado. En el tinitus objetivo, consiste en la remoción de la causa generante de la percepción anormal, y en el subjetivo, hay una amplia gama de posibilidades, oscilando desde la formulación médica, pasando por terapias de acostumbramiento, hasta estimulación magnética y eléctrica transcortical.

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