medigraphic.com
ISSN 0185-6014 (Impreso)
Órgano oficial de difusión de la Federación Mexicana de Patología Clínica, AC y de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Patología Clínica/Medicina de Laboratorio

2007, Número 4

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Mex Patol Clin Med Lab 2007; 54 (4)


Microbios africanos de vacaciones en el Caribe (Polvo atmosférico y sus implicaciones para la salud humana)

Barriga AG, Mercado GF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 168-176
Archivo PDF: 136.45 Kb.


RESUMEN

El acelerado deterioro ambiental mundial de las últimas tres décadas, caracterizado por incremento poblacional, urbanización progresiva (más del 50% de la población actual habita en ciudades); la desaparición de grandes áreas de vegetación con desertificación y erosión aceleradas (2,100 km2 anuales tan sólo en China), severas sequías; han dado origen a la formación cada vez más frecuente de tormentas de polvo provenientes de las zonas desérticas, principalmente de África y Asia (tres mil millones de toneladas métricas anuales), capaces de viajar a través de océanos y continentes. Y aunque beneficiosas por sus nutrientes para las florestas del Amazonas, América Central y Hawaii, y al desarrollo de biomasas marinas, otros componentes en ellas (pesticidas, metales pesados, partículas de sílice y cristales, pólenes, detritus orgánicos, isótopos radiactivos, microorganismos e insectos), son los responsables de la destrucción de arrecifes coralinos en el Caribe; de mareas rojas en diversos océanos; de alergias y trastornos respiratorios en las Islas de Trinidad y Barbados, en donde la incidencia de asma bronquial se ha incrementado 17 veces en un lapso de 23 años, afectando hasta un 25% de su población; y de la mala calidad del aire de numerosas ciudades, principalmente de la costa este del Continente Americano. Coincidiendo con la llegada de tormentas de polvo de los desiertos africanos, se ha documentado el aislamiento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa en la atmósfera de las Islas Vírgenes; la exposición a tormentas de polvo del desierto se ha asociado con la aparición de brotes de coccidioidomicosis y neumonías por Hantavirus en el Sureste de Estados Unidos, al igual que a brotes de meningitis meningocócica en el llamado cinturón de meningitis en África del Norte


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Barriga AG. La globalización de las enfermedades infecciosas. Rev Med IMSS 2003: 41 (5): 369-371.

  2. Griffin DW, Kellog CA, Garrison VH, Shinn EA. The global transport of dust. Am Sci 2002; 90: 228-235.

  3. Griffin DW, Kellog CA, Shinn EA. Dust in the wind; long-range transport of dust in the atmosphere and its implication for global public and ecosystem health. Glo Change Hum Health 2001; 2: 20-33.

  4. Griffin DW, Garrison VH, Herman JR, Shinn EIl. African desert dust in the Caribbean atmosphere; microbiology and public health. Aerobiologia 2001; 17: 203-213.

  5. Griffin DW, Kellog CA, Garrison VH, Lisle JT, Borden TC, Shinn EA. African desert dust in the Caribbean atmosphere; microbiology and public health. Aerobiologia 2003; 19: 143-157.

  6. Moulin C, Lambert EE, Dulac F, Dayan G. Control of atmospheric export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic Oscillation. Nature 1997; 387: 691-694.

  7. Perry KD, Cahill TA, Eldred RA, Autcher PD. Long-range transport of North African dust to the Eastern United States. J Geophys Res 1997; 15: 917-927.

  8. Swap R, Ulanski, Cobbett M, Garstang M. Temporal and spatial characteristics of Saharan dust outbreaks. J Geophys Res 1996; 101: 4205-4220.

  9. Wilkening KE, Barrie LA, Engle M. Transpacific air pollution. Science 2000; 290: 65-67.

  10. Griffin D. Atmospheric movement of microorganisms in clouds of desert dust and implications for human health. Clin Microbiol Rev 2007; 20 (3): 459-477.

  11. Worzler SA, Botts, Gruber K, Diehl S, Maser M. The influence of biologic aerosol particles on cloud microphysics: numerical case studies using new experimental data. Jour Aeros Scien 1999: 5811-5812.

  12. Fuzzi S, Mandriol P, Perfetto A. Fog droplets an atmospheric source of secondary biological aerosol particles. Atmospheric Environment 1997; 31: 267-290.

  13. Hughes K. Aerial dispersal and survival of sewage derived fecal coliforms in Antarctics. Atmospheric Environment 2003; 37 (22): 3147-3155.

  14. Aglir D, Irwin M. Aerial dispersal of pests and pathogens: implications for integrated pest management. Agricul Forest Meteor 1999; 97: 233-234.

  15. Rosas I, Salinas E, Yela A, Calva E, Eslava C, Cravioto A. Escherichia coli in settled dust and air simples collected in residential environments in Mexico City. Applied Environno Microb 1997; 63 (10): 4093-4095.

  16. Rosas I, Mc Cartney H, Payre R, Calderon C, Lacey S, Chapela R, Ruiz VS. Analysis of the relationships between environmental factors (aeroallergens, air pollution and weather) and asthma emergency admissions to a hospital in Mexico City. Allergy 1998; 53: 394-401.

  17. Rosas J, Calderon C, Salinas E, Martinez L, Alfaro M, Milten DK, Osornio V. Animal and worker exposure to dust and biological particles in animal care houses. Aerobiología 2001; 17: 49-59.

  18. Barriga AG. Bioterrorismo. Los primeros casos. Rev Mex Patol Clin 2002; 49 (3): 125-129.

  19. Garrison VH, Shinn EA, Foreman WT, Griffin DW, Holmes ChW, Kellog AC, Majewski MS, Richardson LL, Ritchie AR, Smith GW. African and Asia Dust: From desert soils to Coral Reefs. Bio-Science 2003; 53 (5): 469-480.

  20. Griffin DW, Kellog CA. Dust Storms and their impact on ocean and human health. Eco Health 2004; 1: 284-295.

  21. Shinn EA, Smith GW, Prospero JM, Betzer P, Hayes ML, Garrison V, Barber RT. African dust and the demise of Caribbean Coral Reefs. Geo Res 2000; 27: 3029-3032.

  22. Perkins S. Dust the thermostat. Science News 2001; 160: 200-201.

  23. Smith CW, Ives LD, Nagolkerken IP, Ritchie KR. Caribbean sea-fan mortalities. Nature 1996: 283-487.

  24. Walsh JJ, Steidinger KP. Sahara dust and Florida red tides; The Cyanophyte connection. Geophys Res 2001; 106 (11): 597-612.

  25. Griffin DW, Kellog CA, Shim EA. Dust in the wind: Long range transport of dust in the atmosphere and its implications for global public and ecosystem health. Global Change Human Health 2001; 2: 2-15.

  26. Prospero JM. Long-Term measurements of the transport of African mineral dust to the Southeastern United States; Implications for regional air quality. J Geophys Res 1999; 104: 15917-15927.

  27. Howitt ME, Narbu R, Roade TC. The prevalence of childhood asthma and allergy in Barbados. The Barbados National Asthma and Allergy Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998; 157: A624.

  28. Gyan KW, Henry S, Lacaille A, Laloo C, Lawesee EE, McKays S, Antonio PM, Montiel MA. African dust clouds are associated with increased pediatric asthma accident and emergency admissions on the Caribbean Island of Trinidad. Int J Biometeorol 2005; 49: 371-376.

  29. Howitt ME. Asthma management in the Caribbean an update. Post Grad Doctor Caribb 2000; 16: 86-104.

  30. Laden FL, Neas N, Dockery AW, Schwanz J. Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six US cities. Environ Health Perspect 2000; 108: 941-947.

  31. Donalson AI, Alexandersen S. Predicting the spread of Foot and Mouth disease by airborne virus. Rev Sci Techn Int Epizoot 2002; 21: 569-575.

  32. Gloster J. Risk of airborne spread of Foot and Mouth disease from the continent to England. Vet Rev 1982; 111: 290-295.

  33. Gloster J, Sellers RF, Donaldson A. Long distance transport of Foot and Mouth disease virus over the sea. Vet Rev 1982: 110-4752.

  34. Mikkelsen TS, Alexander P, Astrup HJ, Champion A, Donaldson FN, Dunkerley J, Gloster JH, Sorensen JA, Thyrer N. Investigation of airborne Foot and Mouth disease virus transmission during low-wind conditions in the early phase of the VK 2001 epidemic. Atmosphere Chem Phys 2007; 3: 2101-211.

  35. Sorensen JA, Mackay DK, Jenen CO, Donaldson AI. An integrated model to predict the atmospheric spread of Foot and Mouth disease virus. Epidemiol Infect 2000; 124: 577-590.

  36. Hammond GW, Radadatz RL, Gelshey DE. Impact of atmospheric dispersion and transport of viral aerosols on the epidemiology of influenza. Rev Infect Dis 1999; 11: 494-497.

  37. Yu IT, Li SY, Wong TW, Taro W, Phil M, Chan AT, Lee JHW, Levy YC, Ho T. Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 1731-1739.

  38. Sultan B, Labadi K, Guegan JF, Janicot S. Climate drives the meningitis epidemics onsent in West Africa. Plos Med 2005; 2: e6.

  39. Molesworth AM, Cuevas LE, Conner SJ, Morse AP, Thomson MC. Environmental risk and meningitis epidemics in Africa. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: 1287-7293.

  40. Lyles MB, Fredrickson HL, Bednar AJ, Fannin HB, Subecki TM. The chemical, biological and mechanical characterization of airborne micro-particulates from Kuwait. Abst. 8th Ann Force Health Protect Conf 2005: session 2586, Louisville, K.Y.

  41. Prospero JM, Blades E, Mathison G, Nardu P. Interhemispheric transport of viable fungi and bacteria from Africa to the Caribbean with soil dust. Aerobiologia 2005; 21: 1-19.

  42. Wu PC, Tsai JC, L FC, Lung SC, Su Hij. Increased levels of ambient fungal spores in Taiwan are associated with dust events from China. Atmosph Enviro 2004; 38: 4879-886.

  43. Crum NT, Potter M, Pappagianis D. Seroincidence of Coccidioidomycosis during Military Desert Exercises. J Clin Microb 2004; 42 (10): 4552-4555.

  44. Odds F. Coccidioidomycosis: flying conidia and severes heads. Mycologist (2003); 17: 37-40.

  45. Morgan JM, Cano V, Deibran BP, Phelan M et al. A large outbreak of histoplasmosis American travelers associated with a hotel in Acapulco, Mexico. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2001; 69: 663-661.

  46. Haley RW, Kurt TC, Hem J. Is there a Gulf War Syndro. JAMA 1997; 277: 215-222.

  47. Dowd SE, Maser RM. Aeromicrobiology. San Diego, Cal: Academic Press, 2000.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com