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2022, Número 3

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Rev Cub Med Mil 2022; 51 (3)


Pruebas moleculares para la detección de SARS-CoV-2

Oliva MJE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 35
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 315.82 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: Los coronavirus generan enfermedades respiratorias, hepáticas o neurológicas, con gravedad variable en su huésped. La reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con transcriptasa inversa en tiempo real es la metodología de referencia para confirmar la detección del virus SARS-CoV-2. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en el periodo de julio a noviembre de 2021, en los recursos disponibles en MEDLINE, SciELO, Pubmed y Elsevier. Del total de consultas se citaron 35 referencias.
Objetivo: Describir las pruebas moleculares para la detección de SARS-CoV-2.
Desarrollo: Se han diseñado tres tipos de ensayos de rRT-PCR, para la detección de SARS-CoV-2. Las pruebas descritas son específicas para genes ARN (polymerase dependent RNA - RdRp), genes E (upE) y genes Nnes (N). Los Centros para la Prevención y Control de Enfermedades (CDC) de los EE.UU., han desarrollado la rRT-PCR dirigidos a la proteína N de la nucleocápside del material genético SARS-CoV-2, los ensayos genes E (upE) y gen de la proteína 1b (ORF 1b) se pueden complementar para la detección y confirmación.
Conclusiones: Las dianas que se emplean para la detección específica del genoma del SARS-CoV-2 por RT-PCR en tiempo real, se encuentran en las regiones ORF1a y 1b, RdRp, N, S y E del ARN viral.


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