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2024, Número 3

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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2024; 43 (3)


Las S-RNasas: T2 ribonucleasas especializadas en evitar la autofecundación en angiospermas usando mecanismos diversos que van más allá de su actividad de ribonucleasa

García-Caffarel E, Juárez-Díaz JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 73
Paginas: 166-179
Archivo PDF: 784.70 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las ribonucleasas, por definición, son enzimas con actividad hidrolítica que degradan al RNA. Existe una gran variedad de estas enzimas; en este trabajo nos centramos en la familia T2 para discutir, en particular, lo que se sabe sobre las ribonucleasas más estudiadas de este grupo: las S-RNasas. Las S-RNasas son clave para evitar la autopolinización en varias familias de angiospermas, actuando como la determinante S femenina del sistema de autoincompatibilidad conocido como “basado en S-RNasas”. Esto implica que están involucradas de manera muy precisa en el reconocimiento y discriminación del polen propio y del no propio, para rechazar al propio. Esta función de gran relevancia evolutiva, ampliamente distribuida en las angiospermas, involucra atributos enzimáticos –por su actividad de ribonucleasa– y estructurales, así como su capacidad para interaccionar con otras proteínas. Por lo tanto, la función de las S-RNasas en el rechazo específico del polen propio es compleja desde el punto de vista bioquímico (estructural, enzimático y de interacción) y celular (localización y transporte). Conforme surgen evidencias al respecto, es claro que el papel biológico de las S-RNasas no solo recae en su función catalítica como ribonucleasas, sino que, en realidad, su mecanismo de acción es más complejo. La comprensión de la complejidad de este mecanismo de acción subraya la importancia de continuar investigando para desentrañar completamente su papel biológico en la reproducción y evolución de las angiospermas.


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