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2024, Número 2

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rev homeostasis 2024; 6 (2)


SARS-CoV-2 y su papel potencial en la patogénesis del Síndrome de Guillain-Barré

Guzmán-Castellanos JF, Tamayo-Escorcia EA, Méndez-Cruz N, Martínez-Medina S

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 250.51 Kb.


RESUMEN

La reciente pandemia causada por el nuevo coronavirus ha generado una gran incertidumbre en el ámbito médico. Aunque la mayoría de los pacientes experimenta la infección por el virus SARS-CoV-2 a través del sistema respiratorio, un porcentaje significativo también presenta manifestaciones neurológicas entre las cuales se han descrito cefalea, inatención, parestesias y anosmia. Por otra parte, se ha observado un aumento del riesgo de desarrollar Síndrome de Guillain-Barré (SGB), siendo este una polirradiculoneuropatía, con una presentación post infecciosa común en personas infectadas por el mencionado virus. Aunque desde principios de 2020 se han informado casos que vinculan estas dos enfermedades, la patogénesis aún es motivo de controversia. Las teorías más aceptadas incluyen la activación del sistema del complemento, la liberación excesiva de citocinas proinflamatorias, el mimetismo molecular, la generación de radicales libres a través de las vías de estrés oxidativo, la disfunción de la barrera hematoencefálica y la reacción posvacunal. Además, se ha planteado que el SGB podría ser una manifestación más del síndrome post COVID-19. Esta revisión narrativa de la literatura tiene como objetivo presentar las principales teorías fisiopatológicas de esta relación causal hasta la fecha.


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