Pereira-Rodríguez JE, Lara-Vargas JA, Ortega-Garavito DM, Palacios-Toledo DG, Rivera-Theurel F

Idioma: Inglés [English version]
Referencias bibliográficas: 36
Paginas: 89-98
Archivo PDF: 445.88 Kb.

RESUMEN

Introducción: el cáncer y las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) se encuentran entre las principales causas de mortalidad a nivel mundial. En pacientes con ECV, el entrenamiento continuo de intensidad moderada y el entrenamiento en intervalos de alta intensidad (HIIT) son seguros, eficaces y pueden ser una estrategia para mejorar la salud cardiovascular. Material y métodos: estudio experimental prospectivo con una muestra de 275 supervivientes de cáncer con diagnóstico reciente de ECV y baja capacidad funcional, menos de 4 METs (equivalente metabólico). Se aplicó un programa de entrenamiento con duración de 36 semanas con asistencia tres veces por semana de 70 minutos por intervención y con mediciones pre y post de antropometría por bioimpedancia, escala de la New York Association, prueba de esfuerzo, ecocardiograma, sarcopenia (antropometría, fuerza y funcionalidad muscular), perfil lipídico, calidad de vida (EORTG-C30), cuestionario de fatiga (escala FACT-Fatigue), prueba de caminata de 6 minutos para distancia recorrida y VO2 estimado. Resultados: se reportó mejoría significativa en la fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (40 ± 4.8 vs 47 ± 5.6; p ≤ 0,05), capacidad funcional reportada en METs (2.1 ± 1.6 vs 3.9 ± 0.9), calidad de vida (108 ± 14 vs 121 ± 7.6; p = 0.002) y mejora en el VO2 máx, fuerza, porcentaje muscular y presión arterial postintervención (p ≤ 0.05). Además, el perfil lipídico, la glucosa, la circunferencia abdominal, el porcentaje de grasa (p ≤ 0.05) y la sarcopenia (32 vs 13%; p = 0.012) disminuyeron después del entrenamiento HIIT sin ningún evento adverso durante las intervenciones en la población de estudio. Conclusiones: el uso del entrenamiento HIIT es una forma eficiente y segura de mejorar la capacidad física, la calidad de vida, los parámetros antropométricos y el control de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) en supervivientes de cáncer con diagnóstico reciente de ECV.

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