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TIP Revista Especializada en Ciencias Químico-Biológicas

2023, Número 1

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TIP Rev Esp Cienc Quim Biol 2023; 26 (1)


Las mitocondrias: sus funciones, las relaciones con otros organelos, la supervivencia celular y la medicina mitocondrial

Olvera-Sánchez S, Gómez-Chang E, Flores-Herrera O, Martínez F

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 66
Paginas: 1-11
Archivo PDF: 471.50 Kb.


RESUMEN

Durante años se consideró que la función más importante de las mitocondrias era la de proveer a la célula de energía en forma de ATP o incluso, fungir como amortiguadores de la concentración del calcio citosólico. Sin embargo, se ha demostrado que las mitocondrias tienen más atributos al ser una parte medular de las cascadas de señalización, y de compartir funciones con las estructuras intra y extracelulares que permiten mantener la homeostasis y la función celular. Además, hay reportes que muestran que las células sanas pueden transferir a las mitocondrias por el torrente circulatorio o directamente a las células dañadas con el objetivo de brindarles protección y mejorar su función bioenergética en condiciones específicas. Los mecanismos de señalización para el reconocimiento de moléculas marcadoras son determinantes para establecer la transferencia de las mitocondrias entre células y a través de las estructuras vesiculares o de los túneles (TNT), entre otros sistemas. Actualmente, se han desarrollado estrategias para el aislamiento de las mitocondrias, las cuales, a su vez, se inyectan en los tejidos permitiéndoles su recuperación funcional, a lo que se ha llamado la “medicina mitocondrial” o la “mitocuración”. Aunque estos hallazgos sugieren que las mitocondrias podrían ser un nuevo método de profilaxis para las enfermedades o trastornos metabólicos, es necesario considerar que la transferencia mitocondrial no es del todo una solución positiva en el tratamiento de algunos padecimientos.


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