2022, Número 2
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Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter 2022; 38 (2)
Enfermedad tromboembólica venosa en hemopatías malignas: un enfoque desde la prevención
López SA, Torres IW, Cruz RJ
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 1-21
Archivo PDF: 541.54 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción:
La enfermedad tromboembólica venosa es una complicación frecuente en las hemopatías malignas, con incidencia similar a la observada en tumores sólidos de alto riesgo trombótico.
Objetivo:
Describir la influencia de factores de riesgo y biomarcadores de la enfermedad tromboembólica venosa asociada a hemopatías malignas y su aplicación en el diseño de modelos de evaluación de riesgo para la prevención de esta enfermedad.
Métodos:
Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva en la literatura especializada de artículos publicados sobre la temática a través de las bases de datos: PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, Medline y el motor de búsqueda Google académico.
Análisis y síntesis de la información:
En pacientes con hemopatías malignas han sido descritos múltiples factores de riesgo para la ocurrencia de eventos tromboembólicos venosos: moleculares, relacionados con el paciente, la enfermedad y el tratamiento, así como biomarcadores de riesgo. Basados en ellos, varias investigaciones han sido desarrolladas para elaborar y validar modelos predictivos de enfermedad tromboembólica venosa que guíen la estratificación del riesgo y el tratamiento profiláctico de esta enfermedad en hemopatías malignas, aunque aún son insuficientes. Enfermedades como los linfomas y el mieloma múltiple tienen más investigaciones en esta área que el resto de las hemopatías malignas.
Conclusión:
Se necesita diseñar nuevos modelos de riesgo y validar los existentes en un mayor número de casos; así como desarrollar estudios prospectivos en pacientes con riesgo de eventos tromboembólicos y hemopatías malignas, para realizar una estrategia de prevención primaria personalizada con estratificación de la tromboprofilaxis.
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