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Centro de Investigaciones Regionales Dr. Hideyo Noguchi, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán

2024, Número 2

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Rev Biomed 2024; 35 (2)


Vigilancia genómica del SARS-CoV-2 en Nayarit, México (veranoinvierno 2021-2022)

Covantes-Rosales CE, Barajas-Carrillo VW, Toledo-Ibarra GA, Díaz-Resendiz KJG, Benitez-Trinidad AB, Ventura-Ramón GH, Girón-Pérez DA, Gómez-Gil B, Girón-Pérez MI

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 36
Paginas: 51-58
Archivo PDF: 487.40 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. El COVID-19, cuyo agente etiológico es el SARSCoV- 2, un virus de ARN, se caracteriza por una elevada tasa de mutación. Por lo tanto, a mayor número de sujetos infectados existe, mayor probabilidad de que el virus sufra cambios que le confieran ventajas evolutivas (evasión de la respuesta inmunitaria, aumento de la virulencia y reducción de la eficacia de la vacunación). Los esfuerzos por adquirir inmunidad de rebaño mediante la vacunación pueden verse comprometidos en los países en vías de desarrollo, donde el proceso de vacunación es lento y poco equitativo. Esto puede dar lugar a nuevos brotes de variantes con mayor capacidad de transmisión.
Objetivo. Vigilar las variantes circulantes en la población Nayarita.
Métodos. En este sentido, en Tepic, Nayarit, México, se secuenciaron 100 genomas virales de pacientes positivos durante el inicio y final de la tercera (4 de agosto al 3 de septiembre de 2021) y cuarta (3 de enero, al 2 de febrero de 2022) olas de COVID-19.
Resultados. El análisis de secuencias reveló la presencia de diversas variantes; alfa (B.1.1.7), gamma (P.1), variante local (B.1.1.519), mu (B.1.621), delta (B.1.617.2), y sus subtipos (AY.3, AY.4, AY.10, AY.11, AY.20, AY.23.1) durante la tercera ola. Posteriormente, durante la cuarta ola, se siguieron detectando subtipos delta (AY.26 y AY.113), así como ómicron (B.1.1.529) y los subtipos de ómicron (B.A.1 y BA.1.1).
Conclusiones. Los datos obtenidos revelaron un desplazamiento progresivo de las variantes dominantes, delta, y subtipos en la tercera ola y ómicron y sus subtipos en la cuarta ola.


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