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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2024, Número 3

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Med Int Mex 2024; 40 (3)


Efectos de la cafeína en la salud

Cuartas AYS, Vergara YD, Castañeda PS, Duque EL, Saavedra VME, Martínez SLM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 70
Paginas: 211-220
Archivo PDF: 226.43 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: La cafeína es un alcaloide natural, antagonista competitivo de los receptores de adenosina. El contenido de cafeína depende del tipo de producto, factores ambientales, siembra y cosecha.
Objetivo: Revisar la influencia de la cafeína y sus productos dietarios en la salud de sus consumidores.
Metodología: Búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos PubMed, Science Direct, LILACS, EMBASE y Google Scholar, entre otras.
Resultados: Se seleccionaron 59 artículos de los que la mayor parte no tuviese un tiempo de publicación mayor a 5 años. El consumo elevado de cafeína se relaciona con comportamientos adictivos e, incluso, refuerza la persistencia del tabaquismo y su interrupción abrupta puede generar síndrome de abstinencia. A dosis altas, la cafeína genera un efecto inotrópico y cronotrópico positivo, lo que explica el aumento de la frecuencia cardiaca y la conductividad que generan mayor y más frecuentes contracciones miocárdicas, que pueden llevar a arritmias. La cafeína aumenta la secreción de péptidos gastrointestinales y disminuye la del péptido similar al glucagón 1. Se ha encontrado una relación estrecha entre el consumo moderado de cafeína y la incidencia de aborto espontáneo.
Conclusiones: La cafeína es una sustancia natural que se encuentra en diferentes productos comerciales que son altamente consumidos por el ser humano en su día a día. Ésta, tiene amplios efectos en sistemas como el cardiovascular, nervioso, endocrinológico y también tiene implicaciones durante el embarazo.


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