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Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología

2004, Número 1-2

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Microbiología 2004; 46 (1-2)


La respuesta a estrés en la levadura Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Folch-Mallol JL, Garay-Arroyo A, Lledías F, Covarrubias RAA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 147
Paginas: 24-46
Archivo PDF: 216.06 Kb.


RESUMEN

Todos los organismos vivos necesitan adaptarse a condiciones cambiantes del medio ambiente para sobrevivir. Tanto en la naturaleza, en el laboratorio, como en procesos industriales, S. cerevisiae atraviesa por diferentes situaciones adversas para su crecimiento, siendo las más importantes condiciones de estrés térmico, osmótico y oxidativo. En esta levadura se ha identificado una vía de respuesta general a estrés que está mediada por la proteína cinasa A; sin embargo, también se han identificado vías específicas de respuesta a cada una de las condiciones estresantes. Así, la vía de HOG regula la respuesta a estrés osmótico, el factor de transcripción HSF induce genes en respuesta a estrés térmico y los factores Yap1p y Yap2p regulan la respuesta a estrés oxidativo, entre otros mecanismos tanto enzimáticos como no enzimáticos. Aquí describimos los aspectos que consideramos más relevantes referentes a las vías de percepción y transducción de señales que regulan los genes que constituyen los mecanismos de respuesta a los tipos de estrés más comunes para Saccharomyces cerevisiae. También incluimos información que refleja la gran interacción que existe entre las vías de transducción implicadas en las diferentes respuestas que le permite a este organismo coordinar sus procesos fisiológicos para lograr una adaptación óptima.


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