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2023, Número 6

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Acta Pediatr Mex 2023; 44 (6)


Deficiencia de micronutrimentos. Circunstancia actual en la vida temprana y su repercusión en la salud y la economía

Ríos GPT, Perea MA, Macías PM, Bravo LAG, Pecero HMJ, Santiago LLM, Reyes GU, Villanueva CH, Perea CAL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 69
Paginas: 474-483
Archivo PDF: 245.32 Kb.


RESUMEN

El concepto de la "cuádruple carga de malnutrición" se refiere a la coexistencia aislada o combinada de cuatro desafíos en el ámbito de la nutrición humana: l) desnutrición energético-proteica, 2) obesidad, 3) malhidratación y 4) deficiencia de uno o varios micronutrimentos. La deficiencia de micronutrimentos, también llamada “hambre oculta” o micronutrimentopenia, representa un problema de salud en todo el mundo, porque repercute negativamente en el desarrollo, bienestar físico y mental, productividad y potencial desarrollo a una mejor calidad de vida. A diferencia de la desnutrición, los efectos en la salud derivados de la deficiencia de micronutrimentos suelen pasar inadvertidos o tener baja expresión y frecuentemente son subestimados. La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) estima que más de 2 mil millones de individuos padecen deficiencia de micronutrimentos en todo el mundo. Esta problemática es especialmente común en las economías de ingresos bajos y medios, y afecta particularmente a las mujeres embarazadas y a los infantes. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar la evidencia científica relacionada con la deficiencia de micronutrimentos (micronutrimentopenia), cómo afecta en la vida temprana y su repercusión en la salud y la economía, por lo que se propone informar la trascendencia epidemiológica de estas carencias a nivel mundial y nacional, su efecto biológico y económico, así como las oportunidades de acción.


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