2023, Número 3
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Salud Mental 2023; 46 (3)
Comparison of two psychotherapies in cortisol response and their efficacy in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in women victims of intimate partner violence
Cerda-De la O B, Cerda-Molina AL, Biagini-Alarcón M, Mayagoitia-Novales L, De La Cruz-López M, Whaley-Sánchez JA
Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 137-146
Archivo PDF: 280.23 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción. Son necesarios tratamientos basados en evidencia para mujeres víctimas de violencia de
pareja (IPV), con trastornos relacionados con estrés como ansiedad, depresión y riesgo suicida y alteraciones
en la reactividad del cortisol.
Objetivo. Comparar los cambios en la sintomatología depresiva, ansiosa, calidad
de vida y reactividad del cortisol después de aplicar Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT, basada
en la flexibilidad psicológica) o Terapia Interpersonal (IPT, basada en el empoderamiento) en mujeres expuestas
a IPV y compararlos en función al pensamiento suicida.
Método. Una muestra clínica de 50 mujeres (entre
21 y 74 años) fueron asignadas aleatoriamente a recibir ACT o IPT, completaron antes y después, cuestionarios
sobre IPV, calidad de vida, depresión y ansiedad, y mediciones de cortisol (basal, 15, 30 y 45 minutos
después de un reto cognitivo) en saliva en respuesta a un reto cognitivo. Utilizamos modelos de Ecuaciones
de Estimación generalizada para analizar los datos.
Resultados. Mejoraron significativamente todas las variables,
independientemente del tipo de psicoterapia y del pensamiento suicida. Antes de la intervención, las
mujeres con ideación suicida presentaron depresión y ansiedad severas, peor calidad de vida e hiper-respuesta
de cortisol, en contraste con las mujeres sin ideación, quienes presentaron síntomas moderados y
una respuesta de cortisol plana. El cortisol disminuyó en todas las mujeres después de ambas terapias.
Discusión
y conclusión. Ambas terapias IPT y ACT mejoraron la salud mental y calidad de vida de las mujeres
con IPV y modificaron la reactividad del cortisol, incluyendo a las pacientes que reportaron ideación suicida.
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