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2023, Número 3

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Cardiovasc Metab Sci 2023; 34 (3)


Fundamentos de la hemoglobina glicada. Valor y ventajas en la práctica clínica

Camarena-Hidalgo MS, Meaney E, Ortiz-Vilchis P

Idioma: Inglés [English version]
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas: 119-126
Archivo PDF: 235.24 Kb.


RESUMEN

La prueba de hemoglobina glucosilada (HbA1c) es una herramienta clínica útil, económica y práctica para el control glucémico a largo plazo en pacientes con diabetes mellitus (DM). Históricamente, desde 1955, la HbA1c fue descrita por primera vez por Kunkel y Wallenius como una fracción menor de la hemoglobina humana. Sin embargo, hasta la década de los 70, la molécula fue reconocida como un marcador de control glucémico. La HbA1c es una proteína conjugada (heteroproteína, hemoglobina-glucosa) formada a través de un proceso no enzimático y postraduccional llamado glicación (reacción de Maillard) como un producto estable de Amadori. Si la reacción continúa, los resultados finales son productos irreversibles llamados productos finales glicación (AGE, por sus siglas en inglés). Los AGE son responsables de modificar las proteínas de todos los tejidos y contribuyen a las reacciones inflamatorias mediadas por el receptor AGE y las complicaciones de la DM. También, los niveles de HbA1c inferiores a 7% se han asociado con la reducción de lesiones microvasculares y macrovasculares. Una adecuada evaluación y monitorización rutinaria de los niveles de HbA1c permitiría un adecuado control glucémico y ayudaría a reducir el riesgo de futuras complicaciones.


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