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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2023, Número 09

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2023; 91 (09)


Diabetes materna y deficiencia de zinc: riesgos para la descendencia

Gómez HT, Bequer ML, Clapés HS

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 61
Paginas: 669-678
Archivo PDF: 243.71 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: Cuando la mujer embarazada tiene déficit de zinc, esta carencia puede ser un factor que contribuya a la aparición de alteraciones en el feto, como las malformaciones congénitas y otros trastornos del desarrollo.
Objetivo: Identificar los aspectos relevantes del estado actual del conocimiento de las complicaciones de la diabetes en la mujer embarazada y el déficit de zinc en el feto. Además, explicar cuál es la posible consecuencia de la deficiencia del micronutriente, entre otras causas moleculares subyacentes.
Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica efectuada en las bases de datos de Google, PubMed-Medline y SciELO de artículos publicados en inglés o español del año 2012 al 2022, con los MeSH: Maternal diabetes; Hyperglycemia; Zinc deficiency; Congenital malformations; Epigenetics; con su correspondiente traducción al español. Criterios de selección: artículos originales, estudios prospectivos, de revisión bibliográfica, metanálisis, capítulos de libro y reportes de la Asociación Americana de Diabetes (ADA) y la Asociación Latinoamericana de Diabetes (ALAD).
Resultados: Se localizaron 187 artículos de los que se excluyeron 126 no adecuados para el tema de la revisión, duplicados o en idioma diferente al inglés y español.
Conclusiones: El análisis bibliográfico evidenció que los trastornos metabólicos provocados por la hiperglucemia de la madre, el déficit de zinc, la alteración de su homeostasis y su interacción con el desequilibrio redox, la inflamación de bajo grado, la activación apoptósica y las modificaciones epigenéticas producen un ambiente intrauterino adverso que condiciona la aparición de malformaciones y otros trastornos del desarrollo en la descendencia.


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