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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2023, Número 2

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Med Int Mex 2023; 39 (2)


Coagulopatía asociada con traumatismo

Mercado-Avendaño G, Saavedra-Valencia ME, Herrera-Almanza L, Carvajal-Alzate M, Vergara-Yánez D, Cuartas-Agudelo YS, Martínez-Sánchez LM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 65
Paginas: 273-287
Archivo PDF: 269.80 Kb.


RESUMEN

La homeostasia sanguínea puede verse alterada por múltiples factores. Uno de ellos es el traumatismo, que suele cursar con hemorragia generando alteraciones en el sistema de coagulación. Cuando esto ocurre se denomina coagulopatía inducida por traumatismo. Esta afección abarca la coagulación intravascular diseminada, de la que se han descrito diversos factores que incrementan el riesgo de padecerla y se han desarrollado diversas escalas diagnósticas. El objetivo de esta revisión fue reunir información actualizada sobre la coagulación intravascular diseminada en pacientes con traumatismo, factores de riesgo, fisiopatología, diagnóstico y el uso de la tromboelastografía en este escenario clínico para proporcionar aspectos clave en la atención adecuada de pacientes con traumatismo, como la detección oportuna de riesgo de coagulopatía mediante criterios clínicos y el requerimiento de transfusión masiva, lo cual, al ser implementado adecuadamente disminuye la mortalidad de estos pacientes. Se realizó una búsqueda de bibliografía científica durante enero de 2021 en la base de datos de Scielo, PubMed y ScienceDirect usando los siguientes descriptores MeSH: trauma, coagulación intravascular diseminada, diagnóstico, tratamiento y tromboelastografía. Se localizaron 1943 artículos de los que se aceptaron los que estuvieran más actualizados, expusieran la fisiopatología de la coagulación intravascular diseminada, los criterios diagnósticos, tratamiento o el uso y ventajas de la tromboelastografía, rechazando 1886 y seleccionando para la redacción 57 artículos. Se presenta una revisión de tema acerca de los aspectos relevantes y actualizados de la coagulopatía inducida por traumatismo, con el fin de aproximar al lector al uso de tromboelastografía.


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