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2023, Número 23

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CuidArte 2023; 12 (23)


Factores de riesgo modificables en las mujeres embarazadas para el desarrollo de trastornos mentales: revisión integrativa

Balanta GLM, Omedo CLV, Ocoro VJA, Gaitán-Gómez OL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 79
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 517.59 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. Un estudio desarrollado en Australia reporta que un 20% de las embarazadas padecen trastornos mentales durante el embarazo, de las cuales hasta un 85% no reciba atención médica focalizada, también, se ha reportado que menos del 20% del personal de atención primaria en salud lleva a cabo alguna evaluación para identificar riesgos en salud mental. Objetivo. Analizar los hallazgos científicos sobre los factores de riesgo modificables de la mujer embarazada para el desarrollo de trastornos mentales. Metodología. Revisión integradora de la literatura en seis bases de datos, realizada entre agosto y noviembre del año 2021. Se siguieron las directrices PRISMA que permitieron la identificación 36 cumplieron con la pregunta clínica PICOT y los criterios de inclusión. Resultados y discusión. Los factores de riesgo modificables más reportados en la literatura fueron los relacionados con el estilo de vida, el acceso a los servicios de salud y la preocupación excesiva por situaciones socioeconómicas-familiares, siendo en conjunto desencadenante de inestabilidad emocional y estrés, y ser terreno fértil para el desarrollo de trastornos mentales durante la gestación. Del mismo modo, se propone un plan de atención de enfermería enfocado en las respuestas y necesidades humanas identificadas en el estudio. Conclusiones. El estudio identifica los factores de riesgo modificable más reportados en la literatura para su reconocimiento e inclusión en los programas de atención integral prenatal, retroalimentación de las teorías y modelos en enfermería, reorientar los procesos formativos y la transformación de las políticas públicas en salud a procesos vitales y no a patologías.


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