medigraphic.com
ISSN 2500-7106 (Digital)
ISSN 0123-2576 (Impreso)
Medicina & Laboratorio

2021, Número 3

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Medicina & Laboratorio 2021; 25 (3)


Síndrome de vena cava superior en pediatría. Una revisión de la literatura

Sierra-Zúñiga MF, Mera-Mamián AY, Zemanate-Zúñiga E

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 42
Paginas: 593-603
Archivo PDF: 93.64 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las urgencias oncológicas son un reto para el clínico. El síndrome de vena cava superior es una emergencia hemato-oncológica en pediatría, el cual se define como la obstrucción intrínseca o extrínseca de la vena cava superior. La clínica más frecuente en pediatría es la aparición de circulación colateral, edema en esclavina y cianosis facial. El diagnóstico es clínico y debe hacerse lo menos invasivamente posible y de una manera rápida, para iniciar cuanto antes su manejo. Los linfomas, el uso prolongado de catéter venoso central y la cirugía cardiovascular en cardiopatías congénitas, son las principales etiologías. En algunas ocasiones, puede ser necesario un tratamiento empírico para salvar la vida del paciente, mediante el uso de esteroides y radioterapia. El objetivo del presente artículo es revisar y actualizar los aspectos más importantes sobre la etiología, las manifestaciones clínicas, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento del síndrome de vena cava superior en pediatría.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Alvarado-Arce E, Odio-Cortés C. Síndromede vena cava superior: una emergenciamédico quirúrgica. Rev Clin Esc Med 2015;5:11-21.

  2. Talapatra K, Panda S, Goyle S, Bhadra K,Mistry R. Superior vena cava syndrome: Aradiation oncologist's perspective. J CancerRes Ther 2016;12:515-519. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.177503.

  3. Ozcan A, Unal E, Karakukcu M, Coskun A,Ozdemir MA, Patiroglu T. Vena cava superiorsyndrome in the children with mediastinaltumors: Single-center experience. NorthClin Istanb 2020;7:255-259. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2019.46354.

  4. Handa A, Nozaki T, Makidono A, Okabe T,Morita Y, Fujita K, et al. Pediatric oncologicemergencies: Clinical and imaging review forpediatricians. Pediatr Int 2019;61:122-139.https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.13755.

  5. Hunter W, Johnston W. The history of ananeurysm of the aorta, with some remarks onaneurysms in general. Volumen 1, Medical observationsand inquiries. London, UK: WilliamJohnston; 1757. p. 357.

  6. Lanuti M, De Delva PE, Gaissert HA, WrightCD, Wain JC, Allan JS, et al. Review of superiorvena cava resection in the managementof benign disease and pulmonary ormediastinal malignancies. Ann Thorac Surg2009;88:392-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.athoracsur.2009.04.068.

  7. Leo F, Bellini R, Conti B, Delledonne V, TavecchioL, Pastorino U. Superior vena cava resectionin thoracic malignancies: does prostheticreplacement pose a higher risk? Eur J CardiothoracSurg 2010;37:764-769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejcts.2009.10.024.

  8. O'Brien RT, Matlak ME, Condon VR, JohnsonDG. Superior vena cava syndrome in children.West J Med 1981;135:143-147.

  9. Wudel LJ, Jr., Nesbitt JC. Superior vena cavasyndrome. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2001;2:77-91. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11864-001-0019-3.

  10. Wilson LD, Detterbeck FC, Yahalom J. Superiorvena cava syndrome with malignant causes.N Engl J Med 2007;356:1862-1869. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMcp067190.

  11. Freud E, Ben-Ari J, Schonfeld T, BlumenfeldA, Steinberg R, Dlugy E, et al. Mediastinal tumorsin children: a single institution experience.Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2002;41:219-223. https://doi.org/10.1177/000992280204100404.

  12. Freedman JL, Rheingold SR. Chapter 32 - Managementof Oncologic Emergencies. In: LanzkowskyP, Lipton JM, Fish JD, eds. Lanzkowsky'sManual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology(Sixth Edition). San Diego: Academic Press;2016. p. 605-619. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801368-7.00032-6.

  13. Davis GM, Zolezzi RP, Zumelzu DN. Síndromede vena cava superior: Una emergencia oncológicaen niños con linfoma. Revisión de 5 casos.Rev Chil Pediatr 2005;76:507-512.

  14. Ji D, Gill AE, Ermentrout RM, Hawkins CM.Thrombogenic superior vena cava syndromefrom long-standing central venous access in a5-year-old patient treated with balloon-expandablestents. J Radiol Case Rep 2018;12:15-22.https://doi.org/10.3941/jrcr.v12i4.3339.

  15. Tzifa A, Marshall AC, McElhinney DB, LockJE, Geggel RL. Endovascular treatment forsuperior vena cava occlusion or obstructionin a pediatric and young adult population:a 22-year experience. J Am Coll Cardiol2007;49:1003-1009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2006.10.060.

  16. Yilmaz O, Karabag K, Keskin Yildirim Z, CalikM, Kilic O. Advanced stage T-cell non-hodgkinlymphoma in an 11-month-old infant and relatedsuperior vena cava syndrome: Importanceof transthoracic echocardiography. Malays JMed Sci 2014;21:62-65.

  17. Rizvi I, Zaman S, Zaidi N, Ashraf SM, KumarA, Gupta A, et al. Superior vena cavasyndrome caused by Hodgkin's lymphomain an adolescent girl. BMJ Case Rep2012;2012:bcr0120125487. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr.01.2012.5487.

  18. Thapa S, Terry PB, Kamdar BB. Hemodialysiscatheter-associated superior vena cava syndromeand pulmonary embolism: a case reportand review of the literature. BMC Res Notes2016;9:233-233. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-2043-1.

  19. Chen CH, Wu KH, Chao YH, Weng DF, ChangJS, Lin CH. Clinical manifestation of pediatricmediastinal tumors, a single center experience.Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98:e16732. https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000016732.

  20. Nossair F, Schoettler P, Starr J, Chan AKC,Kirov I, Paes B, et al. Pediatric superior venacava syndrome: An evidence-based systematicreview of the literature. Pediatr Blood Cancer2018;65:e27225. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.27225.

  21. Gupta V, Ambati SR, Pant P, Bhatia B. Superiorvena cava syndrome in children. Indian J HematolBlood Transfus 2008;24:28-30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12288-008-0020-0.

  22. Aldoss O, Arain N, Menk J, Kochilas L,Gruenstein D. Endovascular stent providesmore effective early relief of SVC obstructioncompared to balloon angioplasty. CatheterCardiovasc Interv 2014;83:e272-276. https://doi.org/10.1002/ccd.24413.

  23. Zouari M, Ben Dhaou M. Superior vena cavasyndrome secondary to the placement of a centralvenous catheter in a neonate. Pan Afr MedJ 2015;20:305-305. https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2015.20.305.6118.

  24. Arya LS, Narain S, Tomar S, Thavaraj V, DawarR, Bhargawa M. Superior vena cava syndrome.Indian J Pediatr 2002;69:293-297. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02723212.

  25. Yellin A, Mandel M, Rechavi G, Neuman Y,Ramot B, Lieberman Y. Superior vena cavasyndrome associated with lymphoma. Am J DisChild 1992;146:1060. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1992.02160210062022.

  26. Issa PY, Brihi ER, Janin Y, Slim MS. Superiorvena cava syndrome in childhood: report often cases and review of the literature. Pediatrics1983;71:337-341.

  27. Kashif RU, Faizan M, Anwar S. Pediatricmalignant mediastinal masses. J Coll PhysiciansSurg Pak 2019;29:258-262. https://doi.org/10.29271/jcpsp.2019.03.258.

  28. Gartrell J, Kaste SC, Sandlund JT, Flerlage J,Zhou Y, Cheng C, et al. The association of mediastinalmass in the formation of thrombi in pediatricpatients with non-lymphoblastic lymphomas.Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020;67:e28057.https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc.28057.

  29. Pech-Alonso B, Arredondo-Ruiz P, González-Galván LM, Fermín-Hernández C. Síndromede la vena cava superior: diagnóstico y tratamiento.Med Interna Mex 2018;34:403-411.

  30. McGarry RC. Superior vena cava obstructiondue to prostate carcinoma. Urology 2000;55:436.https://doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(99)00543-9.

  31. Montalbán C, Moreno MA, Molina JP, HernanzI, Bellas C. Metastatic carcinoma of theprostate presenting as a superior vena cavasyndrome. Chest 1993;104:1278-1280. https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.104.4.1278.

  32. Pinto-Marín A, González-Barón M. [Superiorvena cava syndrome]. Med Clin (Barc)2009;132:195-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medcli.2008.06.012.

  33. Yu JB, Wilson LD, Detterbeck FC. Superiorvena cava syndrome--A proposed classificationsystem and algorithm for management.J Thorac Oncol 2008;3:811-814. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181804791.

  34. Wan JF, Bezjak A. Superior vena cava syndrome.Emerg Med Clin North Am 2009;27:243-255.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2009.01.003.

  35. Ingram L, Rivera GK, Shapiro DN. Superiorvena cava syndrome associated with childhood malignancy: analysis of 24 cases. MedPediatr Oncol 1990;18:476-481. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpo.2950180608.

  36. Rice TW, Rodriguez RM, Barnette R, LightRW. Prevalence and characteristics of pleuraleffusions in superior vena cava syndrome.Respirology 2006;11:299-305. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1843.2006.00841.x.

  37. Brenan R. Oncologic emergencies. Rotation inpediatric Oncology. Memphis, United States:St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital; 2011.

  38. Zimmerman S, Davis M. Rapid fire: Superiorvena cava syndrome. Emerg Med Clin North Am2018;36:577-584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emc.2018.04.011.

  39. Davenport D, Ferree C, Blake D, Raben M. Responseof superior vena cava syndrome to radiationtherapy. Cancer 1976;38:1577-1580. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(197610)38:4<1577::AIDCNCR2820380422>3.0.CO;2-K

  40. Dabbous MK, Sakr FR, Malaeb DN. Anticoagulanttherapy in pediatrics. J Basic Clin Pharm2014;5:27-33. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-0105.134947.

  41. Gómez JJ, Vallejo E, Palma MA, Rojas JP. Manejoexitoso con stent en un prematuro con síndromede vena cava superior: Reporte de caso.Rev Colomb Cardiol 2012;19:208-211.

  42. Chan RC, Chan YC, Cheng SW. Mid- and longtermfollow-up experience in patients withmalignant superior vena cava obstruction. InteractCardiovasc Thorac Surg 2013;16:455-458.https://doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivs562.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com