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2018, Número 1

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Enfermería Universitaria 2018; 15 (1)


Experiencias perceptuales inusuales en personal de enfermería y su relación con estrés laboral, esquizotipia, absorción y empatía

Parra, A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 80
Paginas: 63-78
Archivo PDF: 281.62 Kb.


RESUMEN

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la frecuencia de ciertas experiencias perceptuales inusuales en entornos hospitalarios, las denominadas Experiencias Anómalo/Paranormales con frecuencia reportadas por médicos y enfermería en el ámbito hospitalario. También, comparar el grado de estrés laboral, propensión a la esquizotipia, absorción psicológica y empatía con el paciente entre enfermera/ os con experiencias y sin experiencias. Se administraron tres escalas a 344 enfermera/os de 36 hospitales y centros de salud de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que fueron agrupados entre 235 con experiencias y 109 sin experiencias. Las experiencias más comunes son sensación de presencia y/o apariciones, oír ruidos, voces o diálogos, llantos o quejas, experiencias intuitivas y extrasensoriales en relación con sus pacientes, o bien la recepción de experiencias por parte de sus propios pacientes, tales como experiencias cercanas a la muerte, prácticas de oración o intervenciones religiosas con sanaciones espontáneas, y otras experiencias anómalas relacionadas con niños. Las enfermera/os con experiencias tienden a experimentar mayor estrés laboral, sin embargo quienes quedaron en el grupo con experiencias obtuvieron una puntuación más alta en el factor Despersonalización que los del grupo sin experiencias. Asimismo, en el grupo con experiencias existió mayor absorción y tendencia a la esquizotipia, así como mayor empatía cognitiva y comprensión emocional que los de sin experiencias. Desafortunadamente, al personal de enfermería, le falta capacitación para abordar de manera adecuada el proceso de morir y el duelo, se remarca esta ausencia y se rescata la importancia del conocimiento y abordaje de estos fenómenos.


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