2022, Número 4
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Med Int Mex 2022; 38 (4)
Estigmatización de pacientes con obesidad en el contexto médico y social
Guendulain-Sernas CE, Hernández-Torres I, López-Ortiz G
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 35
Paginas: 914-920
Archivo PDF: 206.99 Kb.
RESUMEN
El estigma del peso se define como el rechazo y la denigración social que sufren las
personas que no cumplen con las normas sociales imperantes sobre el peso y la forma
corporal, éstas son características visibles y específicas que no pueden ocultarse y que
pueden dar lugar a actitudes negativas, estereotipos, prejuicios y discriminación, lo cual,
sumado a los problemas que conlleva el sobrepeso y la obesidad, propicia una serie
de consecuencias negativas para la salud de los afectados. El estigma del peso, lejos
de incidir en el decremento de éste, puede exacerbarlo, por tal motivo, es importante
abordar el problema del sobrepeso desde una perspectiva integral y promover iniciativas
en el contexto médico y social, destinadas a prevenir el estigma y la discriminación
de personas con esta condición.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Rubino F, Puhl RM, Cummings DE, Eckel RH, Ryan DH, MechanickJI, et al. Joint international consensus statementfor ending stigma of obesity. Nat Med 2020; 26 (4): 485-97.doi: 10.1038/s41591-020-0803-x.
Tomiyama AJ, Carr D, Granberg EM, Major B, RobinsonE, Sutin AR, et al. How and why weight stigma drives theobesity “epidemic” and harms health. BMC Med 2018;16 (1): 123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-018-1116-5.
Gómez-Pérez D, S Ortiz M, L Saiz J. The effects of weightstigmatization on obese people and health care professionals.Rev Med Chil 2017; 145 (9): 1160-4. doi: 10.4067/s0034-98872017000901160.
Puhl RM, Andreyeva T, Brownell KD. Perceptions of weightdiscrimination: prevalence and comparison to race andgender discrimination in America. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008;32 (6): 992-1000. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2008.22.
Fulton M, Srinivasan VN. Obesity, stigma and discrimination.In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearlsPublishing; 2021.
Jung F, Spahlholz J, Hilbert A, Riedel-Heller SG, Luck-Sikorski C. Impact of weight-related discrimination,body dissatisfaction and self-stigma on the desireto weigh less. Obes Facts 2017; 10 (2): 139-51. doi:10.1159/000468154.
Obesity. Mayo Clinic [Internet]. [citado 8 de junio del 2021].Disponible en: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseasesconditions/obesity/symptoms-causes/syc-20375742.
UpToDate. Obesity in adults: Prevalence, screening, andevaluation [Internet]. [citado 8 de junio del 2021]. Disponibleen: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/obesity-inadults-overview-of-management.
NIH. Overweight and Obesity [Internet]. [citado 8 de juniodel 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/overweight-and-obesity.
The GBD 2015 Obesity Collaborators. Health effects ofoverweight and obesity in 195 countries over 25 years.N Engl J Med 2017; 377 (1): 13-27. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1614362.
WHO. Obesity [Internet]. [citado 15 de junio del 2021].Disponible en: https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 enadultos con IMC de 30 a 34.9 kg/m2. Guía de Evidencias yRecomendaciones. Ciudad de México [Internet]. [citado 15de junio del 2021]. Disponible en: http://cenetec-difusion.com/CMGPC/SS-353-16/ER.pdf.
Clair M, Daniel C, Lamont M. Destigmatization and health:Cultural constructions and the long-term reduction ofstigma. Soc Sci Med 2016; 165: 223-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.03.021.
Di Pasquale R, Celsi L. Stigmatization of overweight andobese peers among children. Front Psychol 2017; 8: 524.doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00524.
Lydecker JA, O’Brien E, Grilo CM. Parents have bothimplicit and explicit biases against children with obesity.J Behav Med 2018; 41 (6): 784-91. doi: 10.1007/s10865-018-9929-4.
Lin C-Y, Tsang HWH. Stigma, health and well-being. Int J EnvironRes Public Health 2020; 17 (20): 7615. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207615.
Thiel A, John JM, Carl J, Thedinga HK. Weight stigmaexperiences and physical (in)activity: A biographicalanalysis. Obes Facts 2020; 13 (3): 386-402. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507936.
Bernard M, Fankhänel T, Riedel-Heller SG, Luck-SikorskiC. Does weight-related stigmatisation and discriminationdepend on educational attainment and level of income? Asystematic review. BMJ Open 2019; 9 (11): e027673. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027673.
Vadiveloo M, Mattei J. Perceived weight discrimination and10-year risk of allostatic load among US adults. Ann BehavMed 2017; 51 (1): 94-104. doi: 10.1007/s12160-016-9831-7.
Stangl AL, Earnshaw VA, Logie CH, van Brakel W, C SimbayiL, Barré I, et al. The Health Stigma and DiscriminationFramework: a global, crosscutting framework to informresearch, intervention development, and policy on healthrelatedstigmas. BMC Med 2019; 17 (1): 31. doi: 10.1186/s12916-019-1271-3.
Kersbergen I, Robinson E. Blatant dehumanization ofpeople with obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27 (6):1005-12. doi: 10.1002/oby.22460.
Christian A, Parekh B, Koritzky G. Bias and discriminationagainst men with overweight in the military. HealthPsychol Open 2020; 7 (2): 2055102920985374. doi:10.1177/2055102920985374,
Brewis A, SturtzSreetharan C, Wutich A. Obesity stigma asa globalizing health challenge. Global Health 2018; 14 (1):20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992-018-0337-x.
Gupta N, Bombak A, Foroughi I, Riediger N. Discriminationin the health care system among higher-weight adults:evidence from a Canadian national cross-sectional survey.Health Promot Chronic Dis Prev Can 2020; 40 (11-12): 329-35. doi: 10.24095/hpcdp.40.11/12.01.
Fruh SM, Nadglowski J, Hall HR, Davis SL, Crook ED, ZlomkeK. Obesity stigma and bias. J Nurse Pract 2016; 12 (7):425-32. https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.nurpra.2016.05.013.
Makowski AC, Kim TJ, Luck-Sikorski C, von dem KnesebeckO. Social deprivation, gender and obesity: multiple stigma?Results of a population survey from Germany. BMJ Open2019; 9 (4): e023389. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023389.
Kendig MD, Morris MJ, Samaras K. Mendacity: The tendencyto lie or deceive. A cautionary tale in obesity research,stigma, and headlining. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021;598713. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.598713.
Gerend MA, Sutin AR, Terracciano A, Maner JK. The roleof psychological attribution in responses to weight stigma.Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6 (5): 473-83. doi: 10.1002/osp4.437.
Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Grzywacz JG, Robinson E, Daly M,Terracciano A. Perceived weight discrimination, changesin health, and daily stressors: Discrimination, Health, andDaily Stress. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24 (10): 2202-9.doi: 10.1002/oby.21598.
Brewis A, Trainer S, Han S, Wutich A. Publically misfitting:Extreme weight and the everyday production and reinforcementof felt stigma. Med Anthropol Q 2017; 31 (2):257-76. doi: 10.1111/maq.12309.
Araiza AM, Wellman JD. Weight stigma predicts inhibitorycontrol and food selection in response to the salience ofweight discrimination. Appetite 2017; 114: 382-90. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2017.04.009.
Oliver MD, Datta S, Baldwin DR. A sympathetic nervoussystem evaluation of obesity stigma. PLoS One 2017; 12(10): e0185703. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185703.
Daly M, Sutin AR, Robinson E. Perceived weight discriminationmediates the prospective association betweenobesity and physiological dysregulation: Evidence from apopulation-based cohort. Psychol Sci 2019; 30 (7): 1030-9.doi: 10.1177/0956797619849440.
Jung FU, Luck-Sikorski C. Overweight and lonely? A representativestudy on loneliness in obese people andits determinants. Obes Facts 2019; 12 (4): 440-7. doi:10.1159/000500095.
Thedinga HK, Zehl R, Thiel A. Weight stigma experiencesand self-exclusion from sport and exercise settings amongpeople with obesity. BMC Public Health 2021; 21 (1): 565.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10565-7.