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Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología

2000, Número 3

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Microbiología 2000; 42 (3)


Biosorción de metales pesados mediante el uso de biomasa microbiana

Cañizares VRO

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 66
Paginas: 131-143
Archivo PDF: 429.79 Kb.


RESUMEN

La utilización de microorganismos como biosorbentes de metales pesados, ofrece una alternativa potencial a los métodos ya existentes para la destoxificación y recuperación de metales tóxicos o valiosos presentes en aguas residuales industriales. Muchas levaduras, hongos, algas, bacterias y cierta flora acuática tienen la capacidad de concentrar metales a partir de soluciones acuosas diluidas y de acumularlas dentro de la estructura microbiana. Actualmente los procesos biotecnológicos mas eficientes utilizan la biosorción y la bioprecipitación, pero otros procesos tales como la unión a macromoléculas específicas pueden tener un potencial en el futuro. Las tecnologías que usan estos procesos son comúnmente usadas para el control de la contaminación de diversas fuentes. En este artículo, el término biosorción es usado para abarcar la utilización por la biomasa total (viva o muerta) vía mecanismos fisicoquímicos tales como la adsorción y el intercambio iónico. El mecanismo de utilización metabólica es usado cuando se utiliza la biomasa viva. Asimismo se mencionan sistemas que emplean mezclas de microorganismos así como plantas superiores.


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