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Revista Latinoamericana de Microbiología

2001, Número 1

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Microbiología 2001; 43 (1)


Regulación genética en respuesta al estrés calórico en Escherichia coli.

Ramírez SJ, Solís GG, Gómez EC

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 73
Paginas: 51-63
Archivo PDF: 240.33 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las células de prácticamente todos los organismos responden a un aumento brusco de temperatura y a otros cambios ambientales con un aumento transitorio en la concentración celular de un conjunto de proteínas denominadas proteínas de estrés calórico (PEC). Las principales PECs, chaperonas y proteasas, son parte de la maquinaria celular de plegamiento, transporte, reparación y degradación de las proteínas. La bacteria Escherichia coli representa un paradigma en el estudio de la expresión de los genes del estrés calórico en los procariotes. En E. coli la expresión de las PEC se regula principalmente a nivel de la transcripción. Los mas de 40 genes que codifican para las PEC definen al estimulón de estrés calórico. La mayoría de estos genes están positivamente regulados por el factor de transcripción σ32 codificado por rpoH, mientras que aproximadamente 10 genes, incluyendo rpoH y rpoE, están regulados por σE codificado por rpoE. La respuesta citoplásmica al calor esta regulada por σ32, mientras que la del periplasma se regula por σE. Las dos respuestas están interconectadas, ya que σE regula al gene de σ32 a altas temperaturas. La actividad de los dos factores σ, tanto en condiciones normales como de estrés, esta regulada a diferentes niveles: transcripción, traducción, vida media y actividad de los factores. En esta revisión se presentan los modelos de regulación genética de la respuesta al calor en E. coli en el citoplasma y en el periplasma.


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