2021, Número 4
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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2021; 40 (4)
Maquinaria de citocinesis en plantas: origen y características
Monroy-Morales E, Dávila-Delgado R, Sánchez-López R
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 58
Paginas: 153-166
Archivo PDF: 869.84 Kb.
RESUMEN
La citocinesis es el proceso que concluye la división celular, y consiste en la distribución
del citoplasma y organelos de la célula madre en las dos células hijas. En plantas, la
citocinesis ocurre por la formación de una placa celular en el centro del fragmoplasto;
este último es una estructura formada por microtúbulos y microfilamentos de actina
que se alinea perpendicularmente al plano de la división y sirve como un andamio
para el ensamblaje de la placa celular. Vesículas citocinéticas derivadas del aparato
de Golgi migran al centro del plano de la división a través del fragmoplasto, donde
se fusionan para dar origen a la placa celular, la cual crece hacia la periferia de la
célula en división y, eventualmente, se fusiona con la membrana plasmática lateral
de la célula parental, completando así la división celular. La citocinesis mediada por
el fragmoplasto es un mecanismo específico de las células vegetales, aunque también
ha sido reportado en algas carofitas (Charales, Coleochaetales y Zygnematales), uno
de los grupos de parientes más cercanos a las actuales plantas terrestres. Sabemos
que algunas características celulares y moleculares de la maquinaria citocinética en
plantas terrestres tienen su origen en algas carofitas. En esta revisión discutimos:
1) características de la citocinesis somática en plantas, 2) componentes de la maquinaria
molecular involucrada en la formación de la placa celular, y 3) evidencia de
la citocinesis mediada por fragmoplasto en algas carofitas.
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