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Colegio de Medicos y Cirujanos República de Costa Rica

2019, Número 627

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Rev Med Cos Cen 2019; 85 (627)


Enfermedad de Alzheimer e Inmunoterapia: revisión de tres anticuerpos monoclonales humanizados dirigidos contra el Aβ amiloide (bapineuzumab, solaneuzumab y aducanumab)

Torrealba AG, Rojas DK, Salazar NJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 2-7
Archivo PDF: 105.57 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es un trastorno neurodegenerativo que constituye la causa más frecuente de demencia en el adulto mayor. En el 2015 se le atribuyeron 46.8 millones casos de demencia a nivel mundial y se proyecta que para el año 2050 ese número se haya triplicado. La EA es una enfermedad crónica y progresiva donde las alteraciones funcionales y cognitivas van acompañadas de un deterioro del control emocional y del comportamiento. A pesar de los grandes avances científicos, los tratamientos disponibles actualmente para la EA son solo sintomáticos, es decir, pueden lograr una mejoría en la calidad de vida de los pacientes, pero ninguno consigue revertir, frenar o curar la fatal progresión de la enfermedad. La hipótesis amiloide propone que el péptido Αβ amiloide tiene un papel clave en esta enfermedad ya que es neurotóxico, altera la función sináptica y produce neurodegeneración. Dentro de las estrategias farmacológicas enfocadas a inhibir la agregación del péptido Αβ amiloide. En esta revisión se presenta el resumen de los resultados obtenidos en ensayos clínicos donde se ha evaluado la eficacia y seguridad de anticuerpos monoclonales dirigidos contra el Αβ amiloide (bapineuzumab, solanezumab, aducanumab).


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