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2020, Número 2

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Rev Cubana Cardiol Cir Cardiovasc 2020; 26 (2)


Insuficiencia cardíaca aguda en época de COVID-19

Obregón SÁG, Prohias JA, Pérez BA, Vila GEE

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 104
Paginas: 1-13
Archivo PDF: 473.13 Kb.


RESUMEN

A finales del 2019, fue reportado en Wuhan, Hubei, China un grupo de enfermos afectados de una neumonía que por sus características se parecían a la neumonía viral. Rápidamente fue identificado el germen infeccioso como un coronavirus denominado SARS CoV2 y la enfermedad como COVID 19. Este nuevo virus afecta a múltiples órganos y entre ellos el corazón provocando en algunos casos daño cardiaco agudo y en ocasiones la muerte. Varios colegios de cardiología a nivel mundial se han pronunciado en consenso médico para orientar los puntos de vistas diagnósticos y terapéuticos en esta nueva enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo es hacer una revisión lo más exhaustiva posible para conocer la fisiopatología de la insuficiencia cardíaca aguda y el shock cardiogénico como su expresión más severa y las alteraciones que a nivel de todos los órganos provoca, elemento fundamental para intentar prevenir o tratar una vez que está establecido. Método. Hicimos una amplia revisión de la literatura en bases de datos importante como Medline, Pubmed, Scielo, Cochrane, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) y otras, Además, se revisaron ensayos clínicos controlados y randomizados, revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos controlados, metaanálisis y estudio de cohorte de alta calidad, así como también estudios observacionales y revisión sistemática de estudios observacionales, desde enero 2010 hasta marzo 2020. Resultados: después de un análisis para incluir y excluir trabajos de investigación se encontraron un total de 270 artículos relevantes. La mayoría de los artículos excluidos no contenían información contundente en cuanto a los criterios de insuficiencia cardíaca aguda, shock cardiogénico y su fisiopatología. Conclusiones. El conocimiento de las alteraciones que se producen en la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda y en el shock cardiogénico como su expresión más severa, permite conocer la repercusión que tiene en los diferentes sistemas de nuestro organismo, acción fundamental para intentar prevenir o tratar a tiempo este síndrome, y con ello disminuir su alta mortalidad.


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