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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2021, Número 1

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Arch Neurocien 2021; 26 (1)


Síntomas Neurológicos por COVID-19, ¿en realidad son frecuentes?

Martínez-de los Santos CA, Manrique-Carmona L, Mejia-Mantilla J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 75
Paginas: 32-42
Archivo PDF: 272.90 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: En diciembre de 2019, una neumonía de causa desconocida, derivó en la detección del nuevo SARS-CoV-2 con un aumento alarmante de casos en todo el mundo e importantes desafíos críticos para la salud pública. Además de los signos y síntomas clínicos descritos inicialmente, existen informes sobre un posible potencial neuroinvasivo del SARS-CoV-2 y complicaciones neurológicas asociadas, aunque parece ser un fenómeno poco común. Objetivos: Analizar la frecuencia de los síntomas neurológicos asociados a COVID-19. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, de revisión bibliográfica mediante búsqueda no sistemática de palabras clave relacionadas con COVID-19, neurotropismo y síntomas neurológicos reportados en la literatura de Enero de 2020 a Octubre 2020. Resultados: El numero de pacientes con este tipo de complicaciones comparado con el número de pacientes infectados y hospitalizados pudiera ser relativamente baja y algunos de los síntomas neurológicos asociados pudieran estar más relacionados con el impacto sistémico e indirecto del SARS-CoV-2 en el cerebro que con una invasión parenquimatosa. Conclusiones: A pesar de que existen informes de complicaciones neurológicas en pacientes con COVID-19, no se sabe con certeza si el SARS-CoV-2 es neurotrópico en humanos. Aun falta aclarar si la posible invasión del SARS-CoV-2 es parcialmente responsable de la insuficiencia respiratoria aguda de los pacientes, así como demostrar la asociación de síntomas neurológicos con la presencia de SARS-CoV-2 dentro del SNC. El análisis oportuno y el aislamiento del virus en el SNC, es crucial para establecer el espectro neurológico del virus, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos subyacentes y sus posibles secuelas neurológicas a largo plazo.


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