Table 2: Hemodynamic, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation and sedation measures.

 

Placebo

(N = 44)

Ketamine

(N = 46)

Statistics

p

Mean ± standard deviation

Heart rate (bpm)

Baseline

69.6 ± 12.1

69.3 ± 14.0

Time F = 12.4

< 0.001

60 minutes

into surgery

64.8 ± 10.7

66.5 ± 11.7

Group F = 0.3

0.570

90 minutes

into surgery

64.1 ± 14.5

66.2 ± 12.0

Time

× group F = 0.4

0.630

Systolic blood pressure*

Baseline

159.2 ± 22.8

157.8 ± 23.5

Time F = 31.5

< 0.001

60 minutes

into surgery

145.4 ± 18.2

145.3 ± 18.7

Group F = 0.3

0.550

90 minutes

into surgery

146.5 ± 17.0

141.9 ± 20.3

Time

× group F = 0.9

0.390

Diastolic blood pressure*

Baseline

81.3 ± 10.0

82.1 ± 19.0

Time F = 22.5

< 0.001

60 minutes

into surgery

75.7 ± 10.6

74.8 ± 16.2

Group F = 0.01

0.910

90 minutes

into surgery

75.9 ± 10.7

75.0 ± 15.4

Time

× group F = 0.3

0.690

Mean arterial pressure*

Baseline

116.4 ± 14.3

115.9 ± 26.1

Time F = 22.0

< 0.001

60 minutes

into surgery

106.2 ± 12.8

104.7 ± 16.7

Group F = 0.7

0.380

90 minutes

into surgery

106.0 ± 13.3

99.8 ± 22.0

Time

× group F = 1.0

0.350

Oxygen saturation (%)

Baseline

93.1 ± 3.5

94.0 ± 4.0

Time F = 11.4

< 0.001

60 minutes

into surgery

98.1 ± 1.9

98.0 ± 2.1

Group F = 1.5

0.210

90 minutes

into surgery

95.7 ± 15.2

98.0 ± 2.2

Time

× group F = 0.7

0.48

Respiratory rate (bpm)

Baseline

15.9 ± 4.3

16.2 ± 3.7

Time F = 50.0

< 0.001

60 minutes

into surgery

11.9 ± 1.9

13.4 ± 2.3

Group F = 3.7

0.060

90 minutes

into surgery

12.1 ± 2.8

13.1 ± 2.4

Time

× group F = 1.2

0.300

Ramsay scale total score

Baseline

1.8 ± 0.3

1.8 ± 0.4

Time F = 56.7

< 0.001

60 minutes

into surgery

2.4 ± 0.5

2.3 ± 0.4

Group F = 0.2

0.63

90 minutes

into surgery

2.4 ± 0.5

2.3 ± 0.5

Time

× group F = 0.3

0.69

* Data presented in mmHg.