Table 1: Epidemiological characteristics, classification. |
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Study |
Year |
Patients/Feet |
Mean age |
Sex |
Stage |
Treatment |
Follow-up |
AOFAS Outcome |
Volpe A, et al.41 |
2020 |
4 feet /4 patients |
59.7 |
1 male/3 females |
1 feet/S1 1 feet/S3 2 feet/S4 |
A-magnetotherapy (8 h/d) (S1 and S3) B-TNA (S4) |
24 months |
A-91 B-73 |
Nelson EW, Rivello GJ40 |
2012 |
1 feet/1 patient |
28 |
1 female |
1 feet/S3 |
TNCA |
38 months |
97 |
Wang X, et al42 |
2012 |
7 feet/6 patients |
54 |
1 male/5 females |
4 feet/S4 2 feet/S5 |
A-TNA (four S4 and one S5) B-TA (one S5) |
23.2 months |
A-90.8 B-88 |
Li SY, et al54 |
2017 |
14 feet/13 patients |
56 |
6 males/7 females |
5 feet/S2 4 feet/S3 4 feet/S4 1 feet/S5 |
Calcaneus osteotomy |
44.4 months |
78.9 |
Tan A, et al53 |
2011 |
1 feet/1 patient |
51 |
1 female |
1 feet/S4 |
Femoral head allograft |
14 months |
NA |
Adams SB, Danilkowicz |
2021 |
1 feet/1 patient |
42 |
1 male |
1 feet/S3 |
Talonavicular Joint-Sparing 3D Printed Navicular |
48 months |
87.5 (FADI) |
Kitaura Y, et al48 |
2019 |
2 feet/2 patients |
69 |
2 females |
2 feet/S3 |
TNCA |
60 months |
98.5 (JSSF) |
Chang SM, et al51 |
2019 |
1 feet/1 patient |
38 |
1 female |
1 feet/S2 |
Light bulb procedure for failed percutaneous decompression |
72 months |
97 |
Levinson H, et al28 |
2013 |
1 feet/1 patient |
25 |
1 male |
1 feet/S2 |
Medial femoral condyle vascularized bone graft |
18 months |
NA |
Janositz G, et al52 |
2011 |
1 feet/1 patient |
18 |
1 female |
1 feet/S2 |
Percutaneous decompression |
96 months |
NA |
Hu D, et al32 |
2017 |
13 feet/13 patients |
59 |
2 males/11 females |
7 feet/S3 6 feet/S4 |
TNA |
20 months |
83.5 |
Qu F, et al33 |
2019 |
14 feet/14 patients |
46.2 |
3 males/11 females |
5 feet/S3 9 feet/S4 |
TNA and calcaneus osteotomy |
22.3 months |
90.6 |
Harnroongroj T, Chuckpaiwong B31 |
2018 |
14 feet/14 patients |
57.4 |
2 males/14 females |
7 feet/S3 9 feet/S4 |
TNA |
36-96 months |
87.5 |
Lu CK, et al38 |
2014 |
13 feet/13 patients |
55.6 |
1 male/12 females |
2 feet/S3 11 feet/S4 |
TNA |
114 months |
87.2 |
Yuan C, et al39 |
2019 |
36 feet/34 patients |
53.7 |
3 males/33 females |
9 feet/S2 10 feet/S3 9 feet/S4 8 feet/S5 |
TNA or TNCA |
25-115 months |
85.3 |
Bai W, et al47 |
2023 |
15 feet/15 patients |
48.4 |
2 males/13 females |
8 feet/S3 7 feet/S4 |
TNA |
74 months |
90.2 |
TNA = talonavicular arthrodesis. TNCA = talonaviculocuneiform arthrodesis. TA = triple arthrodesis. NA = not available. FADI = Foot and Ankle Disability Index. JSSF = Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot. |