medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2021, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2021; 63 (3)

Magnitude and trends of malnutrition, and stunting associated factors among children under five years old in Mexico, Ensanut 2018-19

Cuevas-Nasu L, García-Guerra A, González-Castell LD, Morales-Ruan MC, Méndez-Gómez HI, Gaona-Pineda EB, García-Feregrino R, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Gómez-Acosta LM, Ávila-Arcos MA, Shamah-Levy T, Rivera-Dommarco J

Language: Spanish
References: 45
Page: 339-349
PDF size: 302.55 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective. To update malnutrition prevalence and its trends over the last 30 years and identify factors associated with stunting in a national sample of children ‹5 y in Mexico. Materials and methods. Malnutrition prevalences in children ‹5 y in 2018-19 were compared with prevalences from the previous 30 years. Associations of stunting with geographic, household, maternal and individual factors were assessed using multiple logistic regressions. Results. 4.8% of children ‹5 y were underweight, 14.2% stunted and 1.4% wasted. Between 1988-2012 a decreasing trend in stunting was observed that was interrupted between 2012-2018. Stunting was positively associated with children living in rural localities, the Southern Region, poorer households, with indigenous mothers or whose mothers had a greater number of children. A negative association was found with diet diversity. Conclusions. Stunting is a persistent problem associated with social vulnerability that had been declining in the last 30 years; however its descending trend was interrupted between 2012 and 2018. It is imperative to implement a national strategy for the prevention of stunting.


REFERENCES

  1. FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, WHO. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019. Safeguarding against economic slowdowns and downturns. Roma: FAO, 2019 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: http:// www.fao.org/3/ca5162en/ca5162en.pdf

  2. Cuevas-Nasu L, Shamah-Levy T, Hernández-Cordero SL, González-Castell LD, Méndez Gómez-Humarán I, Ávila-Arcos MA, Rivera-Dommarco JA. Tendencias de la mala nutrición en menores de cinco años en México, 1988-2016: análisis de cinco encuestas nacionales. Salud Publica Mex. 2018;60(3):283-90. https://doi.org/10.21149/8846

  3. Perkins JM, Subramanian SV, Davey-Smith G, Özaltin E. Adult height, nutrition, and population health. Nutr Rev. 2016;74(3):149-65. https://doi. org/10.1093/nutrit/nuv105

  4. Varvarigou AA. Intrauterine growth restriction as a potential risk factor for disease onset in adulthood. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2010;23(3):215-24. https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem.2010.23.3.215

  5. Leroy JL, Frongillo EA. Perspective: what does stunting really mean? A critical review of the evidence. Adv Nutr. 2019;10(2):196-204. https://doi. org/10.1093/advances/nmy101

  6. Black RE, Allen LH, Bhutta ZA, Caulfield LE, De Onis M, Ezzati M, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: global and regional exposures and health consequences. Lancet. 2008;371(9608):243-60. https://doi. org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61690-0

  7. Hackett M, Melgar-Quiñonez H, Alvarez MC. Household food insecurity associated with stunting and underweight among preschool children in Antioquia, Colombia. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2009;25(6):506-10. https:// doi.org/10.1590/s1020-49892009000600006

  8. Kwami CS, Godfrey S, Gavilan H, Lakhanpaul M, Parikh P. Water, sanitation, and hygiene: linkages with stunting in rural Ethiopia. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(20):3793. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16203793

  9. Bredenkamp C, Buisman LR, Van de Poel E. Persistent inequalities in child undernutrition: evidence from 80 countries, from 1990 to today. Int J Epidemiol. 2014;43(4):1328-35. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyu075

  10. Stewart CP, Iannotti L, Dewey KG, Michaelsen KF, Onyango AW. Contextualising complementary feeding in a broader framework for stunting prevention. Matern Child Nutr. 2013;9(2):27-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/ mcn.12088

  11. Olofin I, McDonald CM, Ezzati M, Flaxman S, Black RE, Fawzi WW, et al. Nutrition impact model study (anthropometry cohort pooling). Associations of suboptimal growth with all-cause and cause-specific mortality in children under five years: a pooled analysis of ten prospective studies. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e64636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0064636

  12. Rytter MJ, Kolte L, Briend A, Friis H, Christensen VB. The immune system in children with malnutrition-a systematic review. PLoS One. 2014;9(8):e105017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0105017

  13. Crookston BT, Schott W, Cueto S, Dearden KA, Engle P, Georgiadis A, et al. Postinfancy growth, schooling, and cognitive achievement: Young Lives. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013;98(6):1555-63. https://doi.org/10.3945/ ajcn.113.067561

  14. Victora CG, Adair L, Fall C, Hallal PC, Martorell R, Richter L, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: consequences for adult health and human capital. Lancet. 2008;371(9609):340-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(07)61692-4

  15. Hoddinott J, Maluccio JA, Behrman JR, Flores R, Martorell R. Effect of a nutrition intervention during early childhood on economic productivity in Guatemalan adults. Lancet. 2008;371(9610):411-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(08)60205-6

  16. Prendergast AJ, Humphrey JH. The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatr Int Child Health. 2014;34(4):250-65. https://doi.org/10. 1179/2046905514Y.0000000158

  17. Romero-Martínez M, Shamah-Levy T, Vielma-Orozco E, Heredia-Hernández O, Mojica-Cuevas J, Cuevas-Nasu L, Rivera-Dommarco J. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19: metodología y perspectivas. Salud Publica Mex. 2019;61(6):917-23. https://doi.org/10.21149/11095

  18. Lohman T, Roche A, Martorell R. Anthropometric standarization reference manual. Champlaign: Human Kinetics,1988.

  19. Habicht, JP. Standardization of anthropometric methods in the field. PAHO Bull. 1974;76:375-84 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: https:// iris.paho.org/bitstream/handle/10665.2/10766/v76n5p375.pdf?sequence=1

  20. World Health Organization. WHO Child Growth Standards: Length/ height-for-age, weight for-age, weight-for-length, weight-for-height and body mass index-for-age: Methods and development. Ginebra: WHO, 2006 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/publications/i/ item/924154693X

  21. World Health Organization. Assessing the iron status of populations. Ginebra: WHO, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2007 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/ micronutrients/anaemia_iron_deficiency/9789241596107/en/

  22. Cohen JH, Haas JD. Hemoglobin correction factors for estimating the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women residing at high altitudes in Bolivia. Rev Panam Salud Pública. 1999;6(6):392-9. https://doi. org/10.1590/s1020-49891999001100004

  23. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Indicadores para evaluar las prácticas de alimentación del lactante y del niño pequeño. Parte 1 Definiciones. Washington DC: OMS, 2009 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/ 9789241596664/es/

  24. Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Gaona-Pineda EB, Martínez-Tapia B, Arango- Angarita A, Kim-Herrera EY, Valdez-Sánchez A, Shamah-Levy T. Consumo de grupos de alimentos y su asociación con características sociodemográficas en población mexicana. Ensanut 2018-19. Salud Publica Mex 2020;62(6):693-703 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: https://www. saludpublica.mx/index.php/spm/article/view/11529

  25. Ramírez-Silva I, Jiménez-Aguilar A, Valenzuela-Bravo D, Martínez-Tapia B, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Gaona-Pineda EB, et al. Methodology for estimating dietary data from the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire of the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Salud Publica Mex. 2016;58(6):629-38. https://doi.org/10.21149/spm.v58i6.7974

  26. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FHI 360. Minimum dietary diversity for women: a guide for measurement. Rome: FAO, 2016 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/3/ ai5486e.pdf

  27. Rivera-Dommarco JA, Cuevas-Nasu L, González de Cosío T, Shamah-Levy T, García-Feregrino R. Desnutrición crónica en México en el último cuarto de siglo: análisis de cuatro encuestas nacionales. Salud Publica Mex. 2013;55(suppl 2):S161-9 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036- 36342013000800013&lng=es

  28. Cuevas-Nasu L, Gaona-Pineda EB, Rodríguez-Ramírez S, Morales- Ruán MC, González-Castell LD, García-Feregrino R, et al. Desnutrición crónica en población infantil de localidades con menos de 100 000 habitantes en México. Salud Publica Mex. 2019;61(6):833-40. https://doi. org/10.21149/10642

  29. Neufeld LM, Grados R, Villa de la Vega A, Steta C, Regalia F, Rivera- Dommarco JA. A brief history of evidence-informed decision making for nutrition in Mexico. J Nutr. 2019;149(suppl1):2277S-80S. https://doi. org/10.1093/jn/nxz188

  30. Bonvecchio A, Gonzalez W, Theodore F, Lozada A, García-Guerra A, Alvarado R, et al. Translating evidence-based program recommendations into action: the design, testing and scaling up of the behavior change strategy EsIAN in Mexico. J Nutr. 2019;149(1):2310S-22S. https://doi.org/10.1093/ jn/nxz229

  31. Théodore FL, Bonvecchio-Arenas A, García-Guerra A, Blanco García I, Alvarado R, Rawlinson CJ, et al. Sociocultural influences on poor nutrition and program utilization of Mexico’s conditional cash transfer program. J Nutr. 2019;149(1):2290S-2301S. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz181

  32. De la Cruz-Góngora V, Villalpando S, Shamah-Levy T. Prevalence of anemia and consumption of iron-rich food groups in Mexican children and adolescents: Ensanut MC 2016. Salud Publica Mex. 2018;60(3):291-300. https://doi.org/10.21149/8824

  33. Akombi BJ, Agho KE, Hall JJ, Merom D, Astell-Burt T, Renzaho AMN. Stunting and severe stunting among children under-5 years in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2017;17(1):15. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12887-016-0770-z

  34. Darteh EKM, Acquah E, Kumi-Kyereme A. Correlates of stunting among children in Ghana. BMC Public Health. 2014;14(1):504 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471- 2458/14/504

  35. Gatica-Domínguez G, Victora C, Barros AJD. Ethnic inequalities and trends in stunting prevalence among Guatemalan children: an analysis using national health surveys 1995-2014. Int J Equity Health. 2019;18(1):10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019-1016-0

  36. Wondafrash M, Huybregts L, Lachat C, Bouckaert KP, Kolsteren P. Feeding practices and growth among young children during two seasons in rural Ethiopia. BMC Nutr. 2017;3(1):39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795- 017-0158-y

  37. Moursi MM, Arimond M, Dewey KG, Trèche S, Ruel MT, Delpeuch F. Dietary diversity is a good predictor of the micronutrient density of the diet of 6- to 23-month-old children in Madagascar. J Nutr. 2008;138(12):2448-53. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.108.093971

  38. Shamah-Levy T, Gómez-Acosta LM, Mundo-Rosas V, Cuevas-Nasú L, Gaona-Pineda EB, Ávila-Arcos MA, et al. ENSARS-CoV-2. Resultados de la evaluación basal de la encuesta nacional de las características de la población durante la pandemia de covid-19. Cuernavaca: Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, 2020 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: https://covid-19. conacyt.mx/jspui/bitstream/1000/6787/1/ensars_cov_2.pdf

  39. EQUIDE-Universidad Iberoamericana. Resultados de la Encuesta de seguimiento de los efectos del COVID-19 en el bienestar de los hogares mexicanos ENCOVID-19 junio y julio 2020. México: Ibero, 2020 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: https://ibero.mx/sites/default/files/comunicado_ encovid19_junio- julio_2020.pdf

  40. Headey D, Heidkamp R, Osendarp S, Ruel M, Scott N, Black R, et al. Impacts of COVID-19 on childhood malnutrition and nutrition-related mortality. Lancet. 2020;396(10250):519-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(20)31647-0

  41. Rivera J, Sotrés-Alvarez D, Habicht JP, Shamah T, Villalpando S. Impact of the Mexican Program for Education, Health and Nutrition (Progresa) on rates of growth and anemia in infants and young children. A randomized effectiveness study. JAMA. 2004;291(21):2563-70.

  42. Leroy J, García-Guerra A, Garcia R, Dominguez C, Rivera JA, Neufeld LM. The Oportunidades Program Increases the linear growth of children enrolled at young ages in urban Mexico. J Nutr. 2008;138(4):793-8. https:// doi.org/10.1093/jn/138.4.793

  43. Bhutta Z, Ahmed T, Black ER, Cousens S, Dewey K, Giugliani E, et al. Maternal and child undernutrition: What works? Interventions for maternal and child undernutrition and survival. Lancet. 2008;371(9610):417-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61693-6

  44. Bhutta ZA, Das JK, Rizvi A, Gaffey MF, Walker N, Horton S, et al. Evidence-based interventions for improvement of maternal and child nutrition: what can be done and at what cost? Lancet. 2013;382(9890):452- 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60996-4

  45. Hernández-Licona G, De la Garza T, Zamudio J, Yaschine I (coords.). El Progresa-Oportunidades-Prospera, a 20 años de su creación. Ciudad de México: Coneval, 2019 [citado abril 5, 2019]. Disponible en: https://www. coneval.org.mx/Evaluacion/IEPSM/Documents/Libro_POP_20.pdf




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com