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2002, Number 1

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Bioquimia 2002; 27 (1)

Genotoxic effect of crocidolite in human lymphocyte cultures

Madrigal-Bujaidar E,Madrigal-Santillán E, Cassani M, Leyva Y, Piña A

Language: Spanish
References: 40
Page: 7-11
PDF size: 138.09 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Crocidolite is a type of asbestos formed by silicates with ironand sodium, and is a component of the commercial asbestosused for numerous industrial and domestic purposes. Laboraland enviromental exposure to asbestos have been correlatedwith deleterious health effects, mainly affecting the respiratoryapparatus, where fibrosis (asbestosis) may be developed, as wellas various types of cancers, such as bronchogenic carcinomaand mesotelioma. It is known that the genotoxic potential ofchemicals acts as a preclinical indicator concerning thedevelopment of cancer; therefore, this investigation was madein human lymphocyte cultures with the following purposes: a)to determine the capacity of crocidolite as an inducer ofchromosomal aberrations, b) to evaluate its capacity to inducesister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), and c) to evaluate itscytotoxicity and its effect on the cellular kinetics. Fiveconcentrations of the compound were evaluated in 72 h-lymphocytecultures obtained from a female human donor (5, 10, 20, 40 and80 µg/mL). The results showed a concentration-dependent SCEincrease produced by crocidolite with the three low concentrationstested, being 46.8% the maximum increase obtained with 20 µg/mL.The two highest concentrations (40 and 80 µg/mL) were cytotoxicand avoided the cellular division; however, this inhibitory effectwas observed even with the lowest concentration tested, whichproduced a 70.8% reduction of the mitotic index. Concerningthe rate of cellular division, it was shown an accumulation of firstcellular division with the high concentration (20 µg/mL) inducingan inhibitory effect on the replicative index. With respect to thefrequency of chromosomal aberrations we showed a potent effectof the chemical which was mainly due to an increase in thenumber of chromatidic breaks. The presence of fragmented cellswas observed from the first concentration used in the assayindicating the genotoxic and citotoxic potency of thecompound. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated thatcrocidolite is clastogenic, cytotoxic and an SCE inducer in culturehuman lymphocytes treated in vitro.


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