medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-3011 (Electronic)

2020, Number 2

Next >>

Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd 2020; 39 (2)

Perception of exaggeration or fear propagated by the media among the Peruvian population during the COVID-19 pandemic

Mejia CR, Rodriguez-Alarcon JF, Garay-Rios L, Enriquez-Anco MG, Moreno A, Huaytán-Rojas K, Huancahuari-Ñañacc HN, Julca-Gonzales A, Alvarez CH, Choque-Vargas J, Curioso WH

Language: English
References: 42
Page: 1-15
PDF size: 297.08 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: In global health crises the media is important for reporting on important issues to the population.
Objective: To characterize and find associations of perceived fear or exaggeration conveyed by the media in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: Analytical and multicenter cross-sectional study. A virtual survey was conducted among 4009 people, in 17 cities of Peru, from March 15-20, 2020. The instrument, previously validated, evaluated three factors: the exaggeration of the media; the fear generated and the communication coming from health personnel, family members and friends. Relationship coefficients and p-values were calculated through the use of generalized linear models, with Gaussian family and identity linkage function. Values of p <0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: Social networks (64%) and television (57%) were perceived by all participants as exaggerating information; also, television (43%) and social networks (41%) increased the perception of fear. As for their family/friends, they perceived that they exaggerated the situation (39%) and generated fear (25%). In the multivariate analysis, women (p<0.001), those who had completed high school (p=0.023), were university students (p=0.037) and those with a postgraduate degree (p=0.002) had a lower total score of fear and perception of exaggeration.
Conclusions: The perception of exaggeration and fear generation in the population were mostly caused by television and social networks.


REFERENCES

  1. Fogarty A, Holland K, Imison M, Blood RW, Chapman S, Holding S. Communicating uncertainty - how Australian television reported H1N1 risk in 2009: a content analysis. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):181.

  2. Tanner AH, Friedman DB, Zheng Y. Influences on the Construction of Health News: The reporting Practices of Local Television News Health Journalists. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media. 2015; 59(2): 359 – 376.

  3. Sanchez JD. La comunicación de riesgo: preguntas frecuentes [Internet]. Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization. 2015 [citado 27 de marzo de 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=11400:lacomunicacion- de-riesgo-preguntas-frecuentes&Itemid=41610&lang=es

  4. Rumors, mistrust hinder Brazil yellow fever vaccine campaign [Internet]. AP NEWS. 2018 [citado 21 de marzo de 2020]. Disponible en: https://apnews.com/ea2f76fcd9594280a2287b9382d61e43

  5. Bults M, Beaujean D, Richardus JH, Voeten H. Perceptions and Behavioral Responses of the General Public During the 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic: A Systematic Review. Disaster Med Public Health Prep. 2015;9(2):207-19.

  6. Chew C, Eysenbach G. Pandemics in the Age of Twitter: Content Analysis of Tweets during the 2009 H1N1 Outbreak. PLoS ONE. 2010; 29;5(11):e14118.

  7. Oyeyemi S, Gabarron E, Wynn R. Ebola, Twitter, and misinformation: a dangerous combination? BMJ. 2014 Oct 14;349:g6178.

  8. Team TNCPERE. The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) — China, 2020. China CDC Wkly. 2020;2(8):113-22.

  9. Sohrabi C, Alsafi Z, O’Neill N, Khan M, Kerwan A, Al-Jabir A, et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID- 19). Int J Surg. 2020;76:71-6.

  10. Oh S, Lee S, Han C. The Effects of Social Media Use on Preventive Behaviors during Infectious Disease Outbreaks: The Mediating Role of Self-relevant Emotions and Public Risk Perception. Health Commun. 2020;1-10.

  11. Perú REC. Ipsos: 95% respalda cuarentena ordenada por el gobierno para evitar contagios de coronavirus [Internet]. El Comercio Perú. 2020 [citado 25 de marzo de 2020]. Disponible en: https://elcomercio.pe/politica/actualidad/ipsos-95-respalda-cuarentenaordenada- por-el-gobierno-para-evitar-contagios-de-coronavirus-martin-vizcarra-covid-19- noticia/

  12. Shimizu K. 2019-nCoV, fake news, and racism. The Lancet. 2020;395(10225):685–6.

  13. Misra AK, Rai RK, Takeuchi Y. Modeling the control of infectious diseases: Effects of TV and social media advertisements. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering. 2018;15(6):1315.

  14. López Vidales N, Gómez Rubio L, Medina de la Viña E. Los formatos de televisión más consumidos por los jóvenes: telerrealidad y empoderamiento de la audiencia. Ámbitos. Revista Internacional de Comunicación. 2019; (46):10-27. DOI: 10.12795/Ambitos.2019.i46.02

  15. Observatorio en Comunicación y Temáticas Sociales de la Fadecs [Internet]. Consumo de noticias, el uso de redes sociales y la mirada sobre el periodismo en la región. 2019.

  16. Saunders TJ, Vallance JK. Screen Time and Health Indicators Among Children and Youth: Current Evidence, Limitations and Future Directions. Appl Health Econ Health Policy. 2017;15(3):323–31.

  17. Lee B, Oh HJ, Chon BS. Estimating the impact of a television campaign on tuberculosis knowledge and intention to test for TB in South Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018;22(1):60–4.

  18. Allen CG, McBride CM, Haardörfer R, Roberts MC. Associations Between Objective Television Exposure and Cancer Perceptions in a National Sample of Adults. Cancer Control. 2019;26(1):1073274819846603.

  19. Berryman C, Ferguson CJ, Negy C. Social Media Use and Mental Health among Young Adults. Psychiatr Q. 2018;89(2):307–14.

  20. Berry N, Emsley R, Lobban F, Bucci S. Social media and its relationship with mood, self‐esteem and paranoia in psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2018;138(6):558– 70.

  21. Riaño-Vargas A, Rocha-Salamanca P. La estadística en los medios de comunicación como detonante del miedo en estudiantes Universitarios Colombianos. Revista Científica. 2020;1(37):6–17.

  22. Barei S. Pensar el miedo. Mitos, arte y política. Estudios digital. 2020;43:45–63.

  23. Yang C, Dillard JP, Li R. Understanding Fear of Zika: Personal, Interpersonal, and Media Influences. Risk Analysis. 2018;38(12):2535–45.

  24. Piña IYM. El miedo es el mensaje. Ámbitos Revista Internacional de Comunicación. 2019;1(43):167–8.

  25. Depoux A, Martin S, Karafillakis E, Preet R, Wilder-Smith A, Larson H. The pandemic of social media panic travels faster than the COVID-19 outbreak. J Travel Med. Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/jtm/advance-article/doi/10.1093/jtm/taaa031/5775501

  26. Kamel Boulos MN, Geraghty EM. Geographical tracking and mapping of coronavirus disease COVID-19/severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) epidemic and associated events around the world: how 21st century GIS technologies are supporting the global fight against outbreaks and epidemics. Int J Health Geogr. 2020;19(1):8.

  27. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID- 19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(5):1729.

  28. Palacios FF, Avendaño MA, Luis AGS. Análisis del Impacto del VIH/SIDA en la Familia: Una Aproximación a su Representación Social. Psicología Iberoamericana. 2008;16(2):6–13.

  29. Gomes AMT, Silva ÉMP, Oliveira DC de. Representaciones sociales del SIDA para personas que viven con HIV y sus interfaces cotidianas. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem. junio de 2011;19(3):485–92.

  30. Quintas SF. Familia y medios de comunicación. Comunicar: Revista científica iberoamericana de comunicación y educación. 1998;(10):21–6.

  31. Vidal Ledo MJ, Fernández MM, Zayas Mujica R, Paredes Esponda E. Alfabetización Informacional. Educación Médica Superior. 2016; 30(4): 1-10.

  32. Valdez Medina JL, Torres Aristeo O, Arratia López Fuen NIG, López Romero I. Los tipos de miedo prevalentes por generación y por sexo. Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala [Internet]. 14 de diciembre de 2010 [citado 23 de marzo de 2020];13(4). Disponible en: http://www.revistas.unam.mx/index.php/repi/article/view/22588

  33. Molina J. I. Fear of crime and media: a review of the literature. Revista Criminalidad. septiembre de 2014;56(3):9–23.

  34. Acosta FP, Clavero FH. Miedo e inteligencia emocional en el contexto pluricultural de Ceuta. Anuario de Psicología/The UB Journal of Psychology. 2015;45(2):249–63.

  35. Park S-J, Akello G. The oughtness of care: Fear, stress, and caregiving during the 2000– 2001 Ebola outbreak in Gulu, Uganda. Social Science & Medicine. 1 de diciembre de 2017;194:60–6.

  36. Ek S. Gender differences in health information behaviour: a Finnish population-based survey. Health Promot Int. 2015;30(3):736–45.

  37. Mejia CR, Aguilar-Pantaleón C, Alfaro S, Carranza B, Eulogio P, Gálvez-N A, Godo G. Factores que influyen en el uso del octógono como marcador de información nutricional en los consumidores en la población de Lima-Perú. Nutr clín diet hosp. 2019; 39(4):65-71.

  38. Wang W, Tang J, Wei F. Updated understanding of the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. Journal of Medical Virology. 2020;92(4):441– 7.

  39. Lloyd-Sherlock P, Ebrahim S, Geffen L, McKee M. Bearing the brunt of covid-19: older people in low and middle income countries. BMJ. 2020;368:m1052

  40. Porcheddu R, Serra C, Kelvin D, Kelvin N, Rubino S. Similarity in Case Fatality Rates (CFR) of COVID-19/SARS-COV-2 in Italy and China. The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries. 2020;14(02):125–8.

  41. Gérvas J. El abordaje de la pandemia de gripe A desde la perspectiva de los profesionales sanitarios. Atención Primaria. 1 de noviembre de 2010;42(11):541–2.

  42. Prieto Rodríguez MÁ, March Cerdá JC, Danet Danet A, Daponte Codina A, Mateo Rodríguez I, Nebot M. Public opinions about the 2009/2010 H1N1 pandemic influenza: A qualitative approach. Index de Enfermería. 2012;21(1–2):38–42.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com