medigraphic.com
ISSN 2992-8559 (Electronic)
ISSN 1405-0625 (Print)

2020, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Cir Plast 2020; 30 (1)

Reactivation of the consultation and elective surgery during the pandemic: Safety recommendations. Evidence Based Medicine

Cuenca-Pardo J, Vélez-Benítez E, Morales-Olivera M, Iribarren-Moreno R, Contreras-Bulnes L, Bucio-Duarte J

Language: Spanish
References: 97
Page: 6-21
PDF size: 3760.50 Kb.


ABSTRACT

We carried out a systematic review on COVID 19 and the reactivation of elective procedures and searched for the best medical evidence available. With the data obtained, we prepared preventive recommendations for health personnel and patients; in the same way, we created an infographic as a quick, simple guide, but with enough information to allow the surgeons to make the best decisions. The diagnosis of the disease is made through a questionnaire, PCR, immunological tests, detection of virus antigens and a simple chest tomography. The highest sensitivity is achieved by combining the tests. Health personnel should undergo diagnostic tests and those infected or high-risk personnel should not attend patients. All patients should be considered suspicious and diagnostic tests should be performed and positive cases may be operated on until they recover from the disease. Contagion risk stratification is important for decision making and the protection that should be used. The COVID-19 pandemic will continue for a long time and the return to everyday activities is being carried out for economic purposes and not because the pandemic has been controlled to reduce the risk of contagion, it is necessary to use the guidelines issued by different organizations and the recommendations indicated by health authorities. The recommendations that we make in this work are not mandatory, nor do they establish a new standard of care. Cosmetic surgery patients should be treated in «COVID free» areas and must not be exposed to contagion.


REFERENCES

  1. Dawood A. Mutated COVID-19 may foretell a great risk for mankind in the future. Microbes New Infect 2020; 35: 100673.

  2. Zheng SQ et al. Recommendations and guidance for providing pharmaceutical care services during COVID-19 pandemic: A China perspective. Res Social Adm Pharm 2020. PMID: 32249102.

  3. World Health Organization website. Pneumonia of unknown cause. Accessed February 13, 2020. [Google Scholar] Available in: China.www.who.int/csr/don/05-january-2020-pneumonia-of-unkown-cause-china/en/

  4. World Health Organization. WHO Director-General’s Remarks at the Media Briefing on 2019-nCoV on 11 February 2020. 2020. Available in: https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/ detail/who-director-general-s-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-2019-ncov-on-11-february-2020.

  5. Zhang L, Liu Y. Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: a systemic review. J Med Virol 2020. https://doi.org/10. 1002/jmv.25707.Tanu Singal.

  6. Singhal T. A review of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Ped 2020; 87 (4): 281-286.

  7. Sohrabi C et al. World Health Organization declares global emergency: a review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Int J Surg 2020; 76: 71-76.

  8. Brindle M, Gawande A. Managing COVID-19 in surgical systems. Ann Surg 2020. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003923.

  9. Coccolini F, Perrone G, Chiarugi M, Di Marzo F. Surgery in COVID-19 patients: operational directives. World J Emerg Surg 2020; 15 (1): 25.

  10. Kirkcaldy RD, King BA, Brooks JT. COVID-19 e inmunidad posinfección. Evidencia limitada, muchas preguntas restantes JAMA 2020. doi: 10.1001 / jama.2020.7869.

  11. Gandhi M, Yokoe DS, Havlir DV. Asymptomatic transmission, the Achilles’ heel of current strategies to control COVID-19. N Engl J Med 2020; 382: 2158-2160. doi: 10.1056 / NEJMe2009758.

  12. Saúde MD. Cirurgias seguras salvam vidas. Rio de Janeiro: Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária; 2009. Available in: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/seguranca_paciente_cirurgias_seguras_guia.pdf.

  13. Stahel PF. How to risk-stratify elective surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic? Patient Saf Surg 2020; 14: 8.

  14. Wong J, Goh QY, Tan Z et al. Preparing for a COVID-19 pandemic: a review of operating room outbreak response measures in a large tertiary hospital in Singapore. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67 (6): 732-745. doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01620-9.

  15. World Health Organization. Q&A on coronavirus (COVID-19). [accessed March 2020] Available in: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses

  16. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. COVID-19. [accessed March 2020] Available in: https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/novelcoronavirus-china

  17. Poutanen SM, McGeer AJ. Transmission and control of SARS. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2004; 6: 220-227.

  18. Yeo C, Kaushal S, Yeo D. Enteric involvement of coronaviruses: is faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 possible? Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S24681253(20)30048-0.

  19. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. How COVID-19 spreads. [accessed March 2020] Available in: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/about/transmission.html

  20. Scales DC, Green K, Chan AK et al. Illness in intensive care staff after brief exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: 1205-1210.

  21. Loeb M, McGeer A, Henry B et al. SARS among critical care nurses, Toronto. Emerg Infect Dis 2004; 10 (2): 251-255.

  22. Riou J, Althaus CL. Pattern of early human-to-human transmission of Wuhan 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), December 2019 to January 2020. Euro Surveill 2020; 25 (4): 2000058. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.4.2000058.

  23. Li Q, Guan X, Wu P et al. Early transmission dynamics in Wuhan, China, of novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2001316.

  24. Laboratory testing for 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases. Interim guidance. 2020. [Consulted 31 March 2020] Available in: https://www.who.int/publications-detail/laboratory-testing-for-2019-novel-coronavirus-in-suspected-human-cases-20200117

  25. Pan Y, Zhang D, Yang P, Poon LLM, Wang Q. Viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20 (4): 411-412.

  26. Loeffelholz MJ, Tang YW. Laboratory diagnosis of emerging human coronavirus infections – the state of the art. Emerg Microb Infect 2020; 9 (1): 747-756.

  27. World Health Organization. Advice on the use of point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests for COVID-19. Scientific brief. 2020. Available in: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/sb-2020-1-poc-immunodiagnostics-2020-04-08-e.pdf?sfvrsn=4c26ac39_2

  28. Adhikari SP, Meng S, Wu YJ et al. Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping review. Infect Dis Poverty 2020; 9 (1): 29.

  29. OMS desaconseja uso de test rápidos. Disponible en: https://www.infosalus.com/asistencia/noticia-oms-desaconseja-uso-test-rapidos-anticuerpos-covid-19

  30. COVID19/cuestionarioenlínea/cdmx.gob.mx.

  31. Dover JS, Moran ML, Figueroa JF et al. A path to resume aesthetic care executive summary of project AesCert™ guidance supplement: practical considerations for aesthetic medicine professionals supporting clinic preparedness in response to the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2020. doi:10.1089/abc.2020.0239.

  32. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y et al. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet 2020; 395: 497-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(20)30183-5.

  33. CDC. 2019 Novel coronavirus. Wuhan, China. 2020. [Accessed 1 Feb 2020] Available in: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-nCoV/summary.html

  34. Alhazzani W, Hylander M, Arabi YM et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: Guidelines of management of critically III adults with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). Crit Care Med J 2020; 28 (6): 440-469.

  35. Corman VM, Landt O, Kaiser M et al. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill 2020; 25: 2000045.

  36. Chu DKW, Pan Y, Cheng SMS et al. Molecular diagnosis of a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) causing an outbreak of pneumonia. Clin Chem 2020; 66: 549-555.

  37. Bao L, Deng W, Gao H et al. Falta de reinfección en macacos Rhesus infectados con SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv. 2020. doi: 10.1101 / 2020.03.13.00-226.

  38. Cavanaugh D. Coronavirus y torovirus. En: Zuckerman AJ, Banatvala JE, Pattinson JR, Griffiths PD, Schoub BD, Ed. Principios y práctica de la virología clínica. 5a ed. John Wiley & Sons Ltd; 2004. pp. 379-397. doi: 10.1002/0470020970.ch10.

  39. Xing Y, Mo P, Xiao Y, Zhao O, Zhang Y, Wang F. Vigilancia post-alta y la detección de virus positivo en dos de personal médico se recuperaron de la enfermedad coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), China, enero-febrero de 2020. Euro Surveill 2020; 25 (10). doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.10.2000191

  40. Xiao AT, Tong YX, Zhang S. Falso negativo de RT-PCR y conversión prolongada de ácido nucleico en COVID-19: en lugar de recurrencia. J Med Virol 2020. doi: 10.1002/jmv.25855

  41. Young BE, Ong SWX, Kalimuddin S et al; Equipo de investigación de brotes de coronavirus novedoso de Singapur 2019. Características epidemiológicas y curso clínico de pacientes con SARS-CoV-2 en Singapur. JAMA 2020; 232 (15): 1488-1494. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.3204

  42. Zhao J, Yuan Q, Wang H et al. Las respuestas de anticuerpos a SARS-CoV-2 en pacientes de la enfermedad de coronavirus novedoso 2019. Clin Infect Dis 2020. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa344

  43. Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W et al. Evaluación virológica de pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-2019. Naturaleza 2020. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x

  44. To KK, Tsang OT, Leung WS et al. Perfiles temporales de carga viral en muestras de saliva orofaríngea posterior y respuestas de anticuerpos en suero durante la infección por SARS-CoV-2: un estudio observacional de cohorte. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20 (5): 565-574. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30196-1

  45. Wu LP, Wang NC, Chang YH et al. Duración de las respuestas de anticuerpos después del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13 (10): 1562-1564. doi: 10.3201/eid1310.070576

  46. Payne DC, Iblan I, Rha B et al. Persistencia de anticuerpos contra el coronavirus del síndrome respiratorio de Oriente Medio. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22 (10): 1824-1826. doi: 10.3201/eid2210.160706

  47. Zhang W, Du RH, Li B et al. Molecular and serological investigation of 2019-nCoV infected patients: implication of multiple shedding routes. Emerg Microbes Infect 2020; 9 (1): 386-389. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1729071.

  48. Sociedad Española de Inmunología. Utilidad de la determinación de anticuerpos anti SARS-CoV-2. Propuesta de implementación como prueba diagnóstica, pronóstica y de desarrollo de inmunidad protectora. 2020 [Consultado 5 abril 2020].

  49. Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H et al. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases. Radiology 2020 [online ahead of print].

  50. Fang Y, Zhang H, Xie J et al. Sensitivity of chest CT for COVID-19: comparison to RT-PCR. Radiology 2020; 200432.

  51. Hani C, Trieu NH, Saab I et.al. Covid-19 Pneumonia: a review typical CT findings and differential diagnosis. Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging 2020; 101: 263-268.

  52. Pan F, Ye T, Sun P, Gui S, Liang B, Li L et al. Time course of lung changes on chest CT during recovery from 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. Radiology 2020; 200370. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200370.

  53. Shi H, Han X, Cao Y, Alwalid O, Zheng C. CT screening for early diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection-authors’ reply. Lancet Infect Dis 2020. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30247-4.

  54. Salehi S, Abedi A, Balakrishnan S, Gholamrezanezhad A. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a systematic review of imaging findings in 919 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23034.

  55. Yuan M, Yin W, Tao Z, Tan W, Hu Y. Association of radiologic findings with mortality of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. PLoS One 2020; 15: e0230548.

  56. Xie X, Zhong Z, Zhao W, Zheng C, Wang F, Liu J. Chest CT for typical 2019-nCoV pneumonia: relationship to negative RT-PC Testing. Radiology 2020; 200343 doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020200343.

  57. Xu X, Yu C, Qu J, Zhang L, Jiang S, Huang D et al. Imaging and clinical features of patients with 2019 novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 47: 1275-1280.

  58. Kanne JP. Chest CT findings in 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infections from Wuhan, China: key points for the radiologist. Radiology 2020; 295 (1): 16-17.

  59. Feng H, Liu Y, Lv M, Zhong J. A case report of COVID-19 with false negative RT-PCR test: necessity of chest CT. Jpn J Radiol 2020. doi:1 0.1007/s11604-020-00967-9

  60. American College of Radiology. ACR recommendations for the use of chest radiography and computed tomography (CT) for suspected COVID-19 infection. 2020. Available in: https://www.acr.org/Advocacy-and-Economics/ACR-Position- Statements/Recommendations-for-Chest-Radiography-and-CT-for-Suspected-COVID19- Infection

  61. Li Y, Xia L. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): role of chest CT in diagnosis and management. AJR 2020; 214: 1280-1286.

  62. Winichakoon P, Chaiwarith R, Liwsrisakun C et al. Negative nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab does not rule out COVID-19. J Clin Microbiol 2020.

  63. Guan W, Ni Z, Hu Y et al. Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China. 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.02.06.20020974.

  64. Rubin GD, Ryerson CJ, Haramati LB et al. The role of chest imaging in patient management during the COVID-19 pandemic: a multinational consensus statement from the Fleischner Society. Chest 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.003.

  65. McKay B, Calfas J, Ansari T. Coronavirus declared pandemic by World Health Organization. Wall St J 2020.

  66. Commins J. Surgeon general urges providers to consider stopping all elective surgeries – hospitals push back. Health Leaders 2020.

  67. Evans M, Wilde MA. Hospitals push off surgeries to make room for coronavirus patients. Wall St J 2020.

  68. Martines J. UPMC shuns health experts’ calls to cancel elective surgeries. Pittsburgh Tribune-Review 2020.

  69. Sathya C. Your elective surgery will be canceled. It’s for everyone’s good. The Washington Post 2020.

  70. American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC), the Children’s Hospital Association (CHA), and the Federation of American Hospitals (FAH). Open letter to Vice Admiral Jerome M. Adams, MD, United States Surgeon General. March 15, 2020.

  71. American College of Surgeons (ACS). COVID-19 update: guidance for triage.

  72. Zhang S. What it really means to cancel elective surgeries: to make room for coronavirus patients, hospitals are delaying procedures that would make major differences in people’s lives. The Atlantic 2020.

  73. Yu GY, Lou Z, Zhang W. Several suggestion of operation for colorectal cancer under the outbreak of corona virus disease 19 in China. Zhonghua Wei Chang Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020 [Feb 19, Epub ahead of print].

  74. Weise K, Baker M, Bogel-Burroughs N. The coronavirus is forcing hospitals to cancel surgeries. The New York Times 2020.

  75. Beasley D. United States hospitals and patients cancel elective surgery as coronavirus spreads. The New York Times 2020.

  76. Ren SY, Gao RD, Chen YL. Fear can be more harmful than the severe acute respiratory coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. World J Clin Cases 2020; 8: 652-657.

  77. Awad ME, Rumley JCL, Vazquez JA, Devine JG. Perioperative considerations in urgent surgical care of suspected and confirmed COVID-19 orthopaedic patients: operating room protocols and recommendations in the current COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 2020; 28: 451-463. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-20-00227.

  78. Edwards SP, Kasten S, Nelson C, Elner V, McKean E. Maxillofacial trauma management during COVID-19: multidisciplinary recommendations. Facial Plast Surg Aesthet Med 2020; 22 (3): 157-159.

  79. Givi B, Schiff BA, Chinn SB et al. Safety recommendations for evaluation and surgery of the head and neck during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2020. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2020.0780.

  80. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA 2020. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585.

  81. Larochelle MR. “Is it safe for me to go to work?” Risk stratification for workers during the Covid-19 pandemic. N England Med 2020. doi: 0.1056/NEJMp2013413.

  82. Ti LK, Ang LS, Foong TW. Ng BSW what we do when a COVID-19 patient needs an operation: operating room preparation and guidance. Can J Anaesth 2020; 67 (6): 756-758. doi: 10.1007/s12630-020-01617-4

  83. Surgeons ACo. Covid-19 recommendations for management of elective surgical procedures. Available in: https://www.facs.org/about-acs/covid-19/information-for-surgeons.

  84. Aminian A, Safari S, Razeghian-Jahromi A, Ghorbani M, Delaney CP. Covid-19 outbreak and surgical practice: unexpected fatality in perioperative period. Ann Surg 2020. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003925.

  85. Correia MITD, Ramos RF, Bahten LCV. The surgeons and the COVID-19 pandemic. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2020; 47: e20202536.

  86. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation summary. Available in: https://www.cdc.gov/ coronavirus/2019-ncov/summary.html

  87. Plan de acción en la atención en consulta en el periodo posterior a la crisis de COVID-19 en cirugía plástica, estética y reparadora. Sociedad Española de Cirugía Plástica 2020.

  88. Diaz A, Sarac BA, Schoenbrunner AR, Janis JE, Pawlik TM. Elective surgery in the time of COVID-19. Am J Surg 2020; 219 (6): 900-902.

  89. Poulose BK, Phieffer LS, Mayerson J, Like D, Forrest LA, Rahmanian A et al. Responsible return to essential and non-essential surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Gastrointest Surg 2020; 4: 1-3.

  90. Dexter F, Parra MC, Brown JR, Loftus RW. Perioperative COVID-19 defense: an evidence-based approach for optimization of infection control and operating room management. Anesth Analg 2020; 131 (1): 37-42.

  91. Andersen BM, Bånrud H, Bøe E, Bjordal O, Drangsholt F. Comparison of UV-C light and chemicals for disinfection of surfaces in hospital isolation units. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006; 27: 729-734.

  92. Manual de procedimientos para la atención en cirugía plástica en consulta, clínicas de cirugía ambulatoria y quirófanos, durante la contingencia por SARS-COV2 (COV-19) Asociación Mexicana de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva. 5 de junio de 2020.

  93. Claytor B, Fernau J, Fiala T, Furnas H, Hamori C, Lund H et al. Recommendations from: the aesthetic society COVID-19 safety task force: reopening office and resuming elective procedures. 2020. Available in: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/ppe-strategy/face- masks.html

  94. D’Amico RS, Baum G, Serulle Y, Silva D, Smith ML, Wallack RA et al. A roadmap to reopening a neurosurgical practice in the age of COVID-19. World Neurosurg 2020; 139: 289-293.

  95. Li T, Wei C, Li W, Hongwei F, Shi J. Beijing Union Medical College Hospital on “pneumonia of novel coronavirus infection” diagnosis and treatment proposal (V2.0). Med J Peking Union Med Coll Hosp 2020. [Accessed 2 Feb 2020] Available in: http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5882.r.20200130.1430.002.html

  96. ISAPS Recommendations for the resumption of Esthetic Surgery. Available in: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iZYQbaNcUSw&feature=youtu.be

  97. Rothe C, Schunk M, Sothmann P et al. Transmission of 2019nCoV infection from an asymptomatic contact in Germany. N Engl J Med 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2001 468.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com