2020, Number 3
<< Back Next >>
Med Int Mex 2020; 36 (3)
Mexican guidelines in the diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemias and atherosclerosis. Statement of the Mexican Society of Cardiology
Pavía LAA, Aguilar SC, Alexanderson RE, Ahumada AM, Alcocer GM, Arenas JL, Arenas ALR, Borges VO, Benavides MA, Cardona E, Cortés L J, Cossio J, Elías J, Garfio B, Hernández E, Lara EA, Méndez BMÁ, Morales VE, Muñoz VA, Pavía V, Verdejo PJ
Language: Spanish
References: 62
Page: 390-413
PDF size: 469.57 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke represent the first cause of mortality
in Mexico. Epidemiological data suggest that the most common lipid abnormalities
are low HDL-C levels and hypertriglyceridemia both related to an increase in
BMI. The Mexican Society of Cardiology organized an expert panel to manifest
our own guidelines in the diagnosis, evaluation and treatment of dyslipidemias
and atherosclerosis.
REFERENCES
Velázquez MO, Barinagarrementería AF, Rubio GA, et al. Morbilidad y mortalidad de la enfermedad isquémica del corazón y cerebrovascular en México. 2005. Arch Cardiol México 2007;77 número 1/enero-marzo:31-39.
Ignatowski S, Izviest P. Influence of animal foods and the study of atherosclerosis on the organism of rabbits. Imp Voyenoo-Med Akad 1908;16:154-73.
Anitschow A. Über Veränderungen der Kaninchen Beitr Z. Aorta bei Experimenteller Cholesterinsteatose. Path Anat U Z Allag Path 1913;56:379-84.
Wissler RW. The production of atheromatous lesions in the albino rat. Proc Inst Med Chic 1952;19:79-80.
Gofman JW. The role of lipids and lipoproteins in arteriosclerosis. Science 1950;III:167-169.
Ross RG. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. N EngI Med 1976;295(7):369-377.
Guy de Backer, Ettore Ambrosioni, Knut Borch-Jhonsen, et al. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: third Joint Task Force of European and other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in clinical practice. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1601-10. doi: 10.1097/01.hjr.0000087913.96265.e2.
Pavía LA, Velázquez MO, Lara EA, et al. 1er Consenso Mexicano para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de las dislipidemias. 2ª ed. Editorial Intersistemas, página 3.
Pavía LA, Lara EA. Lípidos y aterosclerosis. Sociedad Mexicana de Cardiología Capítulo epidemiología de las dislipidemias en México. Editorial Alfin, página 29.
Olaiz G, Rivera J, Shamah T, et al. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2006. Institutos Nacionales de Salud.
Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012. Resultados Nacionales Síntesis Ejecutiva. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública.
Sanchez CC, Berber A, Velázquez MO, et al. Anthropometric cutoff points for predicting chronic diseases in the Mexican National Health Survey 2000 Obes Res 2003;11(3):442-51. doi: 10.1038/oby.2003.60.
Lara EA, Aguilar SC, Velázquez MO, et al. The body mass index is a less-sensitive tool for detecting cases with obesity-associated co-morbidities in short stature subjects. Int J Obes 2004;28:1443-1450.
Aguilar SC, Rojas R, Gómez PF, et al. Características de los casos con dislipidemias mixtas en un estudio de población: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Enfermedades Crónicas. Salud Púb Méx 2002;44.
Lara EA, Rosas M, Pastelín G, et al. Hipercolesterolemia e hipertensión arterial en México. Consolidación urbana actual con obesidad, diabetes y tabaquismo. Arch Cardiol Méx 2004;74:231-245.
Schargrodsky H, et al. CARMELA: Assessment of cardiovascular risk in seven Latin American cities. Am J Med 2008;121(1):58-65. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2007.08.038.
Mortalidad cardiovascular en la población mexicana. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, Organización Mundial de la Salud.
United Nations Population Division: World population prospects: the 2011 Revision. Nueva York, 2011;36.
EAS/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidemias. Eur Heart J 2016;10:1093.
Hajifathalian K, Ueda P, Lu Y, et al. A novel risk score to predict cardiovascular disease risk in national populations (Globorisk): a pooled analysis of prospective cohorts and health examination surveys. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015;3:339-55. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00081-9.
Stone NJ, Robinson JG, Lichtenstein AH, et al. 2013 ACC/ AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2014 Jun 24;129(25 suppl 2):S1-45. https://doi. org/10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a.
HPS2-THRIVE randomized placebo-controlled trial in 25 673 high-risk patients of ER niacin/laropiprant: trial design, pre-specified muscle and liver outcomes, and reasons for stopping study treatment. Eur Heart J 2013;34:1279-91. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht055.
Cannon C, Blazing M, Giugliano R, et al. Ezetimibe added to statin therapy after acute coronary syndromes for the IMPROVE-IT investigators. N Engl J Med 2015; 372:2387- 2397. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1410489.
2017 Focused Update of the EXPERT CONSENSUS DECISION PATHWAY 2016 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on the Role of Non-Statin Therapies for LDL-Cholesterol Lowering in the Management of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk. JACC (in Press) published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology 2017. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.745.
Goldstein JL, Brown MS. A century of cholesterol and coronaries: from plaques to genes to statins. Cell 2015;161:161.72. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.036.
Collins R, Reith C, Emberson J, et al. Interpretation of the evidence for the efficacy and safety of statin therapy. Lancet 2016;388:2532-61. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31357-5.
Jellinger P, Handelsman Y, Rosenblit P, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist and the American College of Endocrinology Guidelines for Management of Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Endocrine Practice Vol 23 (Suppl 2) April 2017. doi: 10.4158/ EP171764.APPGL.
Stein EA, Mellis S, Yancopoulos GD, et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2012 Mar 22;366(12):1108-18. DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa1105803.
Pavia LA, Zamorano JL. et al. Changes in calculated coronary heart disease risk using proactive multifactorial intervention versus continued usual care in Latin-American and non-Latin-American patients enrolled in the CRUCIAL trial on behalf of the CRUCIAL Investigators. Current Medical Research Opinion 2012;28(10):1667-1676. doi: 10.1185/03007995.2012.725391.
Aguilar SC, Valles V, Ríos TJ, et al. High prevalence of low HDL cholesterol concentrations and mixed hyperlipidemia in a Mexican nationwide survey. J Lipid Res 2001;42.
Ference B, Ginsberg H, Graham I, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J 2017:1-14. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx144.
Wallidius G, Asstveit AH, Jungner I. Stroke mortality and the apoB/apoA-I ratio: results of the AMORIS prospective study. J Int Med 2006;259:259-266. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365- 2796.2005.01610.x.
Weber D, Varghese P, Farb A, et al. Morphologic findings of coronary atherosclerotic plaques in diabetic. Postmorten study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2004;24:1266-1271. doi: 10.1161/01.ATV.0000131783.74034.97.
Aviña ZJA, Choi HK, Sadatsafavi M, et al. Risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Arthritis Rheum 2008;59(12):1690. doi: 10.1002/art.24092.
Cholesterol Treatment Trialists Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170,000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010;376:1670–1681.
Nicholls SJ, Puri R, Anderson T, et al. Effect of evolocumab on progression of coronary disease in statin––treated patients. The GLAGOV randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2016;316(22):2373-84. doi: 10.1016/S0140- 6736(10)61350-5.
Sabatine M, Giugliano P, Wiviott S. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2017; 376:1713-22. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1615664.
Mihaylova B, Emberson J, et al. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet 2012;380:581-90. doi: 10.1016/ S0140-6736(12)60367-5.
Massimo F, Piepoli Arno W, Hoes Stefan, et al. 2016 European Guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: The Sixth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical. Eur Heart J 2016;37 2315-81. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw106.
Robert HE, Jakicic J, Ard, et al. 2013 AHA/ACC Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014;63(25 Part B):2960-84.
Ezzati M, et al. Comparative quantification of health risks: global and regional burden of disease attributable to selected major risk factors, Vol. 1. Geneva, World Health Organization 2004:731-83.
Pescatello LS, et al. ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 9th ed. 2013:285-87.
Donnachie C, Wyke S, Mutrie N, et al. ‘It’s like a personal motivator that you carried around wi’ you’: utilising selfdetermination theory to understand men’s experiences of using pedometers to increase physical activity in a weight management programme. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Activity 2017;14:61. doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0505-z.
Third report of the expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults, Adult Treatment Panel (APT) III. National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, JAMA 2001;285:2486-97.
Waist Circumference and Waist-Hip Ratio: Report of a WHO Expert Consultation. December 2008. World Health Organization 2011.
Surverza A, Haua K. Obesidad: Consideraciones desde la Nutriología. McGrawHill 2012;140-151.
Alberts AW. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. The development. Atheroscl Rev 1988;18:123-31.
Walker JF. HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Current clinical experience. Drugs 1988;36:(suppl 3):83-86. doi: 10.2165/00003495-198800363-00017.
Kreisberg RA, Aberman A. Medical management of hyperlipidemia/ dyslipidemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2003;88:2445- 61. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030388.
Stein EA, Lane M, Laskarzewski P. Comparison of statins in hypertriglyceridemia. Am J Cardiol 1998;81(4A):6B-69B. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(98)00041-1.
Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ezekowitz MD, et al. Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes. The MIRACL Study: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2001;285:1711-8. doi: 10.1001/ jama.285.13.1711.
Bruckert E, Giral P, Tellier P. Perspective in cholesterol- lowering therapy: The role of ezetimibe, a new selective inhibitor of intestinal cholesterol absorption. Circulation 2003;107:3124-8. doi: 10.1161/01. CIR.0000072345.98581.24.
Dujovne CA, Ettinger MP, McNeer JF, et al. Efficacy and safety of a potent new selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor, ezetimibe, in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. Am J Cardiol 2002;90:1092-7. doi: 10.1016/ s0002-9149(02)02798-4.
Stein EA, Mellis S, Yancopoulos GD, et al. Effect of a monoclonal antibody to PCSK9 on LDL cholesterol. N Engl J Med 2012 Mar 22;366(12):1108-18. DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa1105803.
Norata GD, Tibolla G, Catapano AL. Targeting PCSK9 for hypercholesterolemia. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2014;54:273-93. doi: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox- 011613-140025.
Robinson JG, Farnier M, Krempf M, et al. Efficacy and safety of alirocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Eng J Med 2015;372:1489-1499. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMoa1501031.
Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Wiviott SD, et al. Open- Label Study of Long-Term Evaluation against LDL Cholesterol (OSLER) Investigators. Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in reducing lipids and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med 2015;372:1500-1509. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1500858.
Landmesser U, Chapman MJ, Farnier M, et al. European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society Task Force consensus statement on proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors: practical guidance for use in patients at very high cardiovascular risk, on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). European Heart Journal 2016;1-11. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw480.
Nissen SE, Nicholls SJ. Results of the GLAGOV trial. Cleve Clinc J Med 2017;Suppl 4:1-5. doi: 10.3949/ccjm.84.s4.01.
Sabatine M, Giugliano P, Keech A, et al. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med 2017;376:1713-22. DOI: 10.1056/ NEJMoa1615664.
Schwartz GG, Steg PG. Szarek M. Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute zoronry syndromes. N Engl J Med 2018. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1801174.
Mach F, Baigent C, Catapano A, et al. 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines for the for the Managment of Dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk on behalf of The Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Eur Heart J 2019;1-78. doi:10 1093/euroheart/ehz455.