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2020, Number 2

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Acta Pediatr Mex 2020; 41 (2)

Vascular anomalies in childhood. Part 2: Vascular malformations

Campos-Cabrera, Blanca Lucina; Morán-Villaseñor, Edna; García-Romero, María Teresa; Durán-McKinster, Carola

Language: Spanish
References: 39
Page: 85-98
PDF size: 546.07 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Vascular anomalies are a heterogeneous group of disorders that affect blood and lymphatic vessels. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA), classifies them in two groups: vascular tumors and vascular malformations.
Vascular malformations are entities secondary to congenital errors during vascular morphogenesis. They are divided according to the malformed vessel into: capillary, lymphatic, venous, arteriovenous, arteriovenous fistulas, combined malformations and malformations associated with other anomalies.
Capillary malformations affect skin and mucous membranes, and present as stains of vascular appearance, most often on the head and neck. Color varies from pink to erythematous-violaceous. Lymphatic malformations present with an increase in subcutaneous volume, well-defined, of soft consistency, without changes in the color of the skin. Venous malformations present as a poorly defined volume increase, with a soft and compressible consistency, the skin of the surface presents a blue-violet color and although they are congenital, they may not be evident until puberty or after trauma. Finally, arteriovenous malformations, which are the least frequent, appear as poorly defined increase in subcutaneous volume, of firm consistency with a thrill or pulse on palpation. The importance of this second VA article lies on the ability to categorize whether it is a vascular tumor or a vascular malformation and offer a proper approach and treatment from the beginning.


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