medigraphic.com
ISSN 0016-3813 (Print)

2019, Number 4

<< Back Next >>

Gac Med Mex 2019; 155 (4)

Escherichia coli enterotoxigénica y enteroagregativa: prevalencia, patogénesis y modelos múridos

Ríos-Muñiz D, Cerna-Cortés JF, Morán-García N, Meza-Segura M, Estrada-García T

Language: Spanish
References: 42
Page: 410-416
PDF size: 160.54 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) pathotypes are important etiological agents causative of diarrhea in children younger than 5 years of age in Mexico and in developing countries, where they cause numerous deaths. Both have been associated with delayed growth in children and are the main causative agents of traveler’s diarrhea. The pathogenesis of both bacteria starts by adhering to the intestinal epithelium by means of fimbriae, called colonization factors in human ETEC isolates and aggregative adherence fimbriae in EAEC isolates. Once ETEC adheres to the enterocyte, it produces one or both of its toxins and induces the secretion of chloride and sodium ions and water into the intestinal lumen, producing its characteristic watery diarrhea. EAEC binds to the intestinal epithelium forming a biofilm, induces the production of mucus, releases its toxins and promotes inflammation. EAEC and ETEC infection models with wild-type C57BL/6 and CD40 ligand-deficient mice (with intact microbiota), respectively, revealed that undernutrition and low-zinc diet increases EAEC infection, causing growth retardation, and that ETEC colonizes, persists and induces local and systemic humoral immune response.


REFERENCES

  1. Secretaría de Salud. Anuario de morbilidad 2015. México: Dirección General de Epidemiologia/Secretaría de Salud; 2015.

  2. Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Estadística a propósito del día del niño (30 de abril). Datos nacionales. México: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía; 2018.

  3. Sánchez-Uribe E, Esparza-Aguilar M, Parashar UD, Richardson V. Sustained reduction of childhood diarrhea-related mortality and hospitalizations in Mexico after rotavirus vaccine universalization. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:S133-S139.

  4. Estrada-García T, Cerna JF, Paheco-Gil L, Velázquez RF, Ochoa TJ, Torres J, et al. Drug-resistant diarrheogenic Escherichia coli, Mexico. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005;11:1306-1308.

  5. Patzi-Vargas S, Zaidi M, Pérez-Martínez I, León-Cen M, Michel-Ayala A, Chaussabel D, Estrada-García T. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli carrying supplementary virulence genes are an important cause of moderate to severe diarrhoeal disease in Mexico. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2015; 9 e0003510.

  6. Ochoa T, Ecker L, Barletta F, Mispireta M, Gil A, Contreras C, et al. Age-related susceptibility to infection with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli among infants from periurban areas in Lima, Peru. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1694-1702.

  7. Ochoa TJ, Mercado EH, Durand D, Rivera FP, Mosquito S, Contreras C, et al. Frequency and pathotypes of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli in Peruvian children with and without diarrhea. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica. 2011;28:13-20.

  8. Saha DR, Guin S, Krishnan R, Nag D, Koley H, Shinoda S, Ramamurthy T. Inflammatory diarrhea due to enteroaggregative Escherichia coli: evidence from clinical and mice model studies. Gut Pathog. 2013;5:36.

  9. Kotloff K, Nataro J, Blackwelder W, Nasrin D, Farag T, Panchalingam S, et al. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): a prospective, case-control study. Lancet. 2013;382:209-222.

  10. Platts-Mills JA, Babji S, Bodhidatta L, Gratz J, Haque R, Havt A, et al. Pathogen-specific burdens of community diarrhoea in developing countries: a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED). Lancet Glob Health. 2015; 3 e564-e575.

  11. Croxen MA, Law RJ, Scholz R, Keeney KM, Wlodarska M, Finlay BB. Recent advances in understanding enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013:26:822-880.

  12. Cerna JF, Nataro JP, Estrada-García T. Multiplex PCR for detection of three plasmid-borne genes of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strains. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:2138-2140.

  13. López-Saucedo C, Cerna JF, Villegas-Sepúlveda N, Thompson R, Velázquez FR, Torres J, et al. Single multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect diverse loci associated with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Emerg Infect Dis. 2003;9:127-131.

  14. Meza-Segura MA. Caracterización de los factores asociados con la severidad de la diarrea causada por los patogrupos de Escherichia coli. [Tesis doctoral]. México: Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados- Instituto Politécnico Nacional; 2017.

  15. Canizalez-Román A, Flores-Villaseñor HM, González-Núñez E, Velázquez- Román J, Vidal JE, Muro-Amado S, et al. Surveillance of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhea cases from children, adults and elderly at northwest of Mexico. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:1924.

  16. Estrada-García T, López-Saucedo C, Thompson-Bonilla R, Abonce M, López-Hernández D, Santos JI, et al. Association of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes with infection and diarrhea among Mexican children and association of atypical enteropathogenic E. coli with acute diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47:93-98.

  17. Paniagua GL, Monroy E, García-González O, Alonso J, Negrete E, Vaca S. Two or more enteropathogens are associated with diarrhoea in Mexican children. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2007;28;6:17.

  18. Bernal-Reynaga R, Thompson-Bonilla R, López-Saucedo C, Pech-Armenta M, Estrada-Parra S, Estrada-García T. C57-CD40 ligand deficient mice: a potential model for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (H10407) colonization. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2013;152:50-56.

  19. Estrada-García T, Pérez-Martínez I, Bernal-Reynaga R, Zaidi M. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli: a pathogen bridging the north and south. Curr Trop Med Rep. 2014;2:88-96.

  20. Hosangadi D, Smith PG, Kaslow DC, Giersing BK, WHO ETEC & Shigella Vaccine Consultation Expert Group. WHO consultation on ETEC and Shigella burden of disease, Geneva, 6-7th April 2017: Meeting report. Vaccine. 2018 pii: S0264.

  21. Jiang ZD, DuPont HL. Etiology of travellers’ diarrhea. J Travel Med. 2017;24:S13-S16.

  22. Steffen R, Hill DR, DuPont HL. Traveler’s diarrhea: a clinical review. JAMA. 2015;313:71-80.

  23. Paredes-Paredes M, Okhuysen PC, Flores J, Mohamed JA, Padda RS, Gonzalez-Estrada A, et al. Seasonality of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes in the US students acquiring diarrhea in Mexico. J Travel Med. 2011;18:121-125.

  24. Bolick DT, Medeiros P, Ledwaba SE, Lima AA, Nataro JP, Barry EM, et al. Critical role of zinc in a new murine model of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhea. Infect Immun. 2018;86:e00183.

  25. Fleckenstein J, Sheikh A, Qadri F. Novel antigens for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccines. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2014;13 631-639.

  26. Sahl JW, Sistrunk JR, Baby NI, Begum Y, Luo Q, Sheikh A, et al. Insights into enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diversity in Bangladesh utilizing genomic epidemiology. Sci Rep. 2017;7:3402.

  27. Madhavan TP, Sakellaris H. Colonization factors of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Adv Appl Microbiol. 2015;90:155-197.

  28. Ng KM, Ferreyra JA, Higginbottom SK, Lynch JB, Kashyap PC, Gopinath S, et al. Microbiota-liberated host sugars facilitate post-antibiotic expansion of enteric pathogens. Nature. 2013;502:96-99.

  29. Parker KD, Albeke SE, Gigley JP, Goldstein AM, Ward NL. Microbiome composition in both wild-type and disease model mice is heavily influenced by mouse facility. Front Microbiol. 2018;9:1598.

  30. Allen KP, Randolph MM, Fleckenstein JM. Importance of heat-labile enterotoxin in colonization of the adult mouse small intestine by human enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains. Infect Immun. 2006;74:869-875.

  31. Estrada-García T, Navarro-García F. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli pathotype: a genetically heterogeneous emerging foodborne enteropathogen. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012;66:281-298.

  32. Guerrant RL, Oriá RB, Moore SR, Oriá MO, Lima AA. Malnutrition as an enteric infectious disease with long-term effects on child development. Nutr Rev. 2008;66:487-505.

  33. Opintan JA, Newman MJ, Ayeh-Kumi PF, Affrim R, Gepi-Attee R, Sevilleja JE, et al. Pediatric diarrhea in southern Ghana: etiology and association with intestinal inflammation and malnutrition. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;83:936-943.

  34. Acosta GJ, Vigo N, Durand D, Riveros M, Arango S, Zambruni M, et al. Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli: prevalence and pathotype distribution in children from peruvian rural communities. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;95:574-579.

  35. Rogawski E, Guerrant R, Havt A, Lima I, Medeiros P, Seidman J, et al. Epidemiology of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infections and associated outcomes in the MAL-ED birth cohort. PloS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11:e0005798.

  36. Mohamed JA, Huang DB, Jiang ZD, DuPont HL, Nataro JP, Belkind-Gerson J, et al. Association of putative enteroaggregative Escherichia coli virulence genes and biofilm production in isolates from travelers to developing countries. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:121-126.

  37. Philipson WC, Bassaganya-Riera J, Hontecillas R. Animal models of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection. Gut Microbes. 2013; 4:281-291.

  38. Koboziev L, Reinoso-Webb C, Furr K L, Grisham MB. Role of the enteric microbiota in intestinal homeostasis and inflammation. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014;68:122-133.

  39. Roche JK, Cabel A, Sevilleja J, Nataro J, Guerrant RL. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) impairs growth while malnutrition worsens EAEC infection: a novel murine model of the infection malnutrition cycle. J Infect Dis. 2010;202:506-514.

  40. Bolick DT, Roche JK, Hontecillas R, Bassaganya-Riera J, Nataro JP, Guerrant RL. Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli strain in a novel weaned mouse model: exacerbation by malnutrition, biofilm as a virulence factor and treatment by nitazoxanide. J Medical Microbiol. 2013;62:896-905.

  41. Medeiros P, Bolick DT, Roche JK, Noronha F, Pinheiro C, Kolling GL, et al. The micronutrient zinc inhibits EAEC strain 042 adherence, biofilm formation, virulence gene expression, and epithelial cytokine responses benefiting the infected host. Virulence. 2013;4:624-633.

  42. Morán-García NE. Desarrollo y caracterización de un modelo múrido de infección con Escherichia coli enteroagregativa 042 y la participación de la fimbria AAF/II en la infección [Tesis doctoral]. México: Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados-Instituto Politécnico Nacional; 2018.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com