medigraphic.com
ISSN 2992-8036 (Electronic)
ISSN 2306-4102 (Print)
Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología

2004, Number s1

<< Back Next >>

Acta Ortop Mex 2004; 18 (s1)

Muscle spasm of the neck in cervical sprain and its correlation to the severity of the injury

Martínez CF, Hernández RLA, García TJL, Dufoo OM, García LO, López PJ, Carranco G

Language: English
References: 21
Page: 7-12
PDF size: 59.02 Kb.


ABSTRACT

To identify the correlation between the degree of severity of a whiplash injury (Quebec classification) in the acute phase and the muscle spasm of the neck, a study was conducted between September and December 2002. This was a prospective, transverse, correlation, and observation study in 24 patients, 12 females and 12 males with an average 26.2 ± 8.3 years of age, suffering from whiplash injury and meeting the established selection criteria. Variables were: Quebec classification grade of clinical injury, muscle group of the neck involved, arches of motion, electromyography spontaneous activity, age, and gender. G-II Quebec injury was seen in 14 patients (58.3%) while G-1 was seen in 6 patients (25%) and G-III, in 4 patients (16.7%). There was clinical involvement of posterior muscles in 100% of cases; 66.7% (16 patients) in lateral muscles; and 70.8% (17 patients) in anterior muscles with average mobility in 13 patients; poor mobility in 9 patients; and good mobility in 2 patients. Electromyography activity in sternocleidomastoid muscles was 4 MU (12 patients) and 5 MU (3 patients). Activity in scalene muscles was 4 MU (9 patients), 5 MU (6 patients). Activity in upper trapeze 4 MU (9 patients) and 5 MU (13 patients); paravertebral muscles 4 MU (12 patients) 5 MU (11 patients). The relationship between the injury grade and electromyography activity in the Kruskal-Wallis test was significant (p ‹ 0.05) for the upper trapeze (α 0.043) and paravertebral (α 0.006), a confirmed relationship with Pearson’s r in upper trapeze (α 0.014) and paravertebral (α 0.000). Grade Quebec II injuries are more frequent. They limit the range of motion of the neck between 25 to 50% and their correlation to clinical spasm and electromyography activity is significant in posterior muscles in terms of degrees of severity.


REFERENCES

  1. Andary MT, Hallagren RC, Greenman PE, Rechtien JJ: Neurogenic atrophy of suboccipital muscles after a cervical injury: a case study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 1998: 77(6) 545-9.

  2. Barnsley L, Lord S, Bogduk N: Whiplash injury. Pain 1994; 58(3): 283-307.

  3. Basmajian JV: Biofeedback principles and practice for clinician. 3°ed. Little-Brown and Company ed. 1989.

  4. Borchgrevink GE, Kaasa A, Mc Donagh D, Stiles TC, Haraldseth O, Lereim I: Acute treatment of whiplash neck sprain injuries. A randomized trial of treatment during the first 14 days after a car accident. Spine 1998; 23 (1) 25-31.

  5. Cusick JF, Pintar FA, Yoganandan N: Whiplash syndrome: Kinematic factors influencing pain patterns. Spine 2001; 26(11): 1252-8.

  6. Davis SJ, Teresi LM, Bradley WG. Jr, Ziemba MA, Bloze AE: Cervical spine hyperextension injuries: MR findings. Radiology 1991; 180(1): 245-51.

  7. Jonsson H Jr, Cesarini K, Sahlstedt B, Rausching W: Findings and outcome in whiplash-type neck distortions. Spine 1994; 19(24): 2733-43.

  8. Kamibayashi LK, Richmond FJ: Morphometry of human neck muscles. Spine 1998; 23(12): 1314-23.

  9. Kash H, Stengaard-Padersen K, Arendt-Nielsen L, Stachelin Jensen T: Headache, neck, pain, and neck mobility after acute whiplash injury: a prospective study. Spine 2001; 26(11): 1246-51.

  10. Kimura J: Electrodiagnosis in diseases of nerve and muscle principles and practice. 2° ed. FA Davies ed. 1989.

  11. Lacote M: Valoración de la función muscular normal y patológica. 1° ed. Masson ed. 1984.

  12. Lord SM, Bamsley L, Wallis BJ, Bogduck N: Chronic cervical zygapophysial joint pain after whiplash. A placebo-controlled prevalence study. Spine 1996; 21(15): 1744-5.

  13. Mealy K, Brennan H, Fenelon GC: Early mobilization of acute whiplash injuries. Br Med J 1986; 292(6521): 656-7.

  14. Norris SH, Watt I: The prognosis of neck injuries resulting from rear-end vehicle collisions. J Bone Surg Br 1983; 65(5): 608-11.

  15. Pennie BH, Agambar LJ: Whiplash injuries. A trial of early management. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1990: 72(2): 277-9.

  16. Pettersson K, Toolanen G: High-dose methylprednisolone prevents sick leave after whiplash injury. A prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Spine 1998; 23(9): 984-9.

  17. Rajesh KS, Lowery LT: The electromiographer hand book 2° ed. Little-Brown and Company ed. 1988.

  18. Sandler AJ, Duorack J, Humke T, Grob D, Daniels W: The effectiveness of various cervical orthoses. An in vivo comparison of the mechanical stability provided by several widely used models. Spine 1996; 21(14): 1624-9.

  19. Spitzer WO, Skovron ML, Salmi LR, Cassidy JD, Duranceau J, Suissa S, Zeiss E: Scientific monograph of the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash-Associated Disorder: redefinig “whiplash” and its management. Spine 1995; 20(8 Suppl): 1S-73S.

  20. Wells PE, Bowsher D: Pain management by physiotheraphy 2° ed. Heinemann Linacre House ed. 1994.

  21. Winters JM, Peles JD, Osterbaver PJ, Derickson K, Deboer KF, Fuhr AW: Three-dimensional head axis of rotation during tracking movements: A tool for assessing neck neuromechanical function. Spine 1993; 18(9): 1178-85.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com