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2015, Number 2

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Rev Cubana Hig Epidemiol 2015; 53 (2)

Epidemiology of infections in critical care: the role of resistant germs

Martos BFD, Guzmán BBI

Language: Spanish
References: 81
Page:
PDF size: 359.45 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Overview: Infections are common disorders in the Intensive Care Units, frequently caused by resistant pathogens.
Objectives: To define the epidemiology of infections in critical care, and the importance of a correct antibiotic treatment, as well as to determine the epidemiological pattern of resistant bacteria, its mechanisms of resistance and its clinical implications.
Methods: A bibliographic review was performed. Studies reporting the incidence/ prevalence of the infections in critically ill patients, repercussion of a correct antibiotic treatment, as well as epidemiology of resistant bacteria and its mechanism of resistance were searched.
Results: Respiratory infections are the most prevalent infection in the Latin America and Caribbean Intensive Care Units (66%). The most common Gram- positive bacteria are Staphylococcus spp., while P. aeruginosa, E. coli and K. pneumoniae are the most common among the Gram- negative pathogens. Probably, the infection sites is the main determinant of the germen distribution. The misuse of antibiotic treatment is common, which is related with bad clinical outcomes, emergency of resistant bacteria, and increase of health cost. The incidence of nosocomial infections by resistant bacteria has been increased in the last years, and several mechanisms of resistance have been discovered. These types of infections are associated to bad outcomes, with a high mortality and length of stay.
Conclusions: The increasing in the frequency of resistant pathogens lead to take steps for control and prevention of this type of infections, as well as surveillance of the antibiotic politics.


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