medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-3127 (Electronic)
ISSN 0864-3466 (Print)

2019, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Revista Cubana de Salud Pública 2019; 45 (1)

Discovery of the sexual abuse of the child: revelation or silence

Gutiérrez LC, Lefèvre F

Language: Spanish
References: 35
Page: 1-18
PDF size: 301.81 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: To know that a mother is the core of protection and affection in the family links is outstanding, as the role she and the father play in the affective link with the child in the recovery, protection and post-traumatic support after a sexual abuse episode.
Objective: To describe the processes and meanings of the experience lived by parents or primary caregivers toward the discovery of sexual abuse of their children.
Method: Descriptive, cross-sectional study with qualititative and quantitative methodological approach of the Collective Subject Discourse. Individual interviews with 60 parents or caregivers that were not perpetrators of abuse were conducted in the municipalities of Cajica and Tabio de Bogotá, Colombia. The empirical data were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse, based on the Theory of Social Representations, which makes possible the emergence of social representations by constructing collective discourses. The data were qualitative processed and analyzed in Qualiquantisoft software, which is associated with the Collective Subject Discourse's method.
Results: The most significant discourse identified by interviewees was the "relationship between parents, primary caregivers and child" (45,7%, n=43); they emphasize in improving the role as parents through trustfulness, the dialogue, to listen out the children, taking care of the children and spending more time with them. They also considered important the support role of the protection and justice network (29 %, n = 32).
Conclusions: Girls are more commonly the victims of sexual abuse. In that cases, they lived in monoparental families with the need of leaving their child under the guard of a relative, friend or neighbor. When abuse is perpetrated by individuals with strongs affective bounds, the impact in the child´s emotional, congnitive and behavioral health is bigger. Credibility, behaviors and protection measures that parents or primary caregivers assume are essential guidelines for the process of disclosure of the sexual abuse, and provides an environment that enables a positive development of the traumatic experience in the child. It is important to emphasize the role played by the professionals involved in these cases, because comprehensive care to reduce the long-term consequences depends on their attitude, support and management.


REFERENCES

  1. Wassermann VG. Crianças vítimas de abuso sexual intrafamiliar e suas respectivas mães: autopercepção, relações interpessoais e representação de objeto. [Dissertação Mestrado]. Porto Alegre: Universidade Católica do Rios Grande do Sul; 2011.

  2. Carvalho QCM, Galvão MTG, Cardoso MVLML. Abuso sexual infantil: percepção de mães em face do abuso Sexual de suas filhas. Rev. Latino-Americana de Enfermagem [Internet]. 2009; 17(4):501-506. Accesso: 24/06/2015. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0104-11692009000400011&lng

  3. Ganduglia A. Niñas y niños. Padres y madres. De víctimas primarias y secundarias. Ed. Investigaciones y publicaciones: Observatorio de Equidad de Género. Consejo de los Derechos de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes, 2006. Buenos Aires. Curso Anual del Consejo de los Derechos de Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes CABA; 2011. [Internet]. Accesso: 05/02/2012. Disponible en: http://www.buenosaires.gob.ar/areas/des_social/mujer/observatorio_genero/pdf

  4. Teubal R. Las madres frente al abuso sexual infantil intrafamiliar de sus hijos ¿Son víctimas? Revista de Trabajo Social [Internet]. 2010;(9). Acceso: 05/03/2011. Disponible en: http://aprendeenlinea.udea.edu.co/revistas/index.php/revistraso/article/viewFile/5280/464

  5. Plummer C. The discovery process: What mothers see and do in gaining awareness of the sexual abuse of their children. Child Abuse & Neglect [Internet]. 2006;30(11):1227-37. Access: 24/06/2012. Available in: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1815376/

  6. Quiroz M, Peñaranda F. Significados y respuestas de las madres al abuso sexual de sus hijas(os). Revista Latinoamérica de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud [Internet]. 2009;7(2):1027-53. Acceso: 24/06/2014. Disponible en: http://www.umanizales.edu.co/revistacinde/index.html

  7. Amazarray M, Koller H. Alguns aspectos observados no desenvolvimento de crianças vítimas de abuso sexual. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica. 1998;11(3):559-78. Acceso: 23/07/2014. Disponible en: https://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79721998000300014

  8. Matta Oshima KM, Jonson-Reid M, Seay KD. The influence of childhood sexual abuse on adolescent outcomes: the roles of gender, poverty and revictimization. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse [Internet]. 2014;23(4):367-86. Access: 24/06/2015. Available in: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10538712.2014.896845#.Vd09e-9RHug

  9. Young TL, Riggs M, Robinson JL. Childhood sexual abuse severity reconsidered: A factor structure of CSA characteristics. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse. 2011;20(4):373-95.

  10. Hussey JM, Marshall JM, English DJ, Knight ED, Lau AS, Dubowitz H, Kotch JB. Defining maltreatment according to substantiation: Distinction without a difference? Child Abuse & Neglect. 2005;29(5):479-92.

  11. Carvalho QCM, Braga VAB, Galvão MTG, Cardoso MVLML. Imaginário de mães de crianças vítimas de abuso sexual: um ideal de superação. Revista da Rede de Enfermagem do Nordeste. [Internet]. 2010;11(3):57-67. Acceso: 24/06/2015. Disponible en: http://www.revistarene.ufc.br/vol11n3_html_site/a06v11n3.html

  12. London K, Bruck M, Hopkins J, Ceci SJ, Shuman DW. Disclosure of child sexual abuse: What does the research tell us about the ways that children tell? Psychology, Public Policy, and Law [Internet]. 2005;11(1):194-226. Access: 24/03/ 2015. Available from: http://www.researchgate.net/publication/232602908_Disclosure_of_Child_Sexual_Abuse_ What_Does_theResearch_Tell_Us_About_the_Ways_That_Children_Tell

  13. Santos SS, Dell’Aglio DD. Quando o silêncio é rompido: o processo de revelação e notificação de abuso sexual infantil. Psicologia & Sociedade. 2010;22(2):328-35.

  14. Hershkowitz I, Lanes O, Lamb ME. Exploring the disclosure of child sexual abuse with alleged victims and their parents. Child Abuse & Neglect [Internet]. 2007;31(2):111-23. Access: 24/03/2015. Available in: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17316793

  15. Silva dos Santos S; Dalbosco Dell'Aglio D. O processo de revelação do abuso sexual na percepção de mães. Psicologia: Teoria e Prática. 2013;15(1):50-64.

  16. Rakovec-Felser Z, Vidovič L. Maternal perceptions of and responses to child sexual abuse. Slovenian Journal of Public Health. 2016;55(2),114-20.

  17. Echeburúa E, de Corral P. Secuelas emocionales en víctimas de abuso sexual en la infancia. Cuad. Med. Forense [Internet]. 2006;(43-44):75-82. Acceso: 11/10/2016. Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1135- 76062006000100006&lng=es

  18. Coohey C, O’Leary P. Mothers’ protection of their children after discovering they have been sexually abused: an information-processing perspective. Child Abuse Neglect [Internet]. 2008;32(2):245-59. Acceso: 14/05/2015. Available in: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18304629

  19. Jodelet D. As representações sociais (tradução de ULUP L.). Rio de Janeiro: Ed. UERJ; 2001.

  20. Lefèvre F, Lefévre AMC. O discurso do sujeito coletivo. Rio Grande do Sul: Editora da Universidade de Caxias do Sul; 2003. p. 13-20.

  21. Lefèvre F. Lefèvre AMC. Discurso do sujeito coletivo: representações sociais e intervenções comunicativas. Texto & Contexto Enfermagem. 2014;23(2):502-7.

  22. Lefèvre F, Lefèvre AMC. Pesquisa de representação social. Um enfoque qualiquantitativo. Brasilia: Liber Livro; 2012.

  23. Perrenoud P, Thurler GM. As competências para ensinar no século XXI: a formação dos professores e o desafio da avaliação. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2002. p. 21.

  24. Lefèvre F, Lefèvre A. Pesquisa de representação social. Um enfoque qualiquantitativo. Brasília: Líber Livro Editora; 2010. p. 18-104.

  25. Lefèvre F, Lefèvre A, Ignarra R. O conhecimento de intersecção: uma nova proposta para as relações entre a academia e a sociedade. Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Saúde Pública; 2007. p. 72-5.

  26. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Informe mundial sobre la violencia y salud; 2003. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, trad. Acceso: 14/08/2015. Disponible en: http://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/world_report/es

  27. Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Estadísticas del país sobre abuso sexual infantil. Acceso: 27/03/2015. Disponible en: http://www.dane.gov.co/

  28. Habigzang LF, Koller S, Azevedo G, Machado P. Abuso sexual infantil e dinâmica familiar: aspectos observados em processos jurídicos. Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. [Internet]. 2005,21(3):341-8. Acceso: 15/09/2014. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102- 37722005000300011&lng=en&nrm=iso

  29. Herrera S, Salinas V, Carvallo EV. Familia, pobreza y bienestar en Chile: un análisis empírico de las relaciones entre estructura familiar y bienestar, 6. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; 2011.

  30. Maida SA, Molina PM, Basualto RC, Bahamondes PC, Leonvendagar BX, Abarca CC. La experiencia de abuso en las madres: ¿Es un predictor de abuso sexual de sus hijos?. Rev. Chil. Pediatr [Internet]. 2005;76(1):41-7. Acceso: 01/09/2015. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0370- 41062005000100005&lng=es.http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0370-41062005000100005

  31. Cohena JA, Berlinerb L ; Mannarinoc A. Trauma focused CBT for children with cooccurring trauma and behavior problems. Child Abuse & Neglect. 2010;34:215-24. Access: 29/08/2015. Available in: https://www.med.upenn.edu/traumaresponse/documents/tfcbtreview. pdf

  32. Sarah JK, Egan J, Maliszewska A, Sarma KM. Systemic trauma: the impact on parents whose children have experienced sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse [Internet]. 2014;23(5):481-503. Access: 29/08/2015. Available in: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10538712.2014.920458

  33. Gracía E. El maltrato infantil en el contexto de la conducta parenteral: percepciones de padres e hijos. Psicothema [Internet]. 2002;14(2):274-9. Acceso: 16/02/2015. Disponible en: https://scholar.google.com.br/scholar?q=El+maltrato+infantil+en+el+contexto+de+la+condu cta+parental%3A+percepciones+de+padres+e+hijos&btnG=&hl=es&as_sdt=0%2C5&asvis =1.

  34. Habigzang LF, da Silva Ramos M, Koller SH. A revelação de abuso sexual: as medidas adotadas pela rede de apoio. Psic.: Teor. e Pesq. [Internet]. 2011;27(4):467-73. Acceso: 28/05/2015. Disponible en: http://saudepublica.bvs.br/pesquisa/resource/pt/lil-611159

  35. Apostólico MR, Hino P, Egry Emiko Y. As possibilidades de enfrentamento da violência infantil na consulta de enfermagem sistematizada. Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP [Internet]. 2013;47(2):320-7. Access: 16/06/2015. Available in: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0080- 62342013000200007&lng=en




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com