Lima IMV, Soto CLA, Peñafiel MVF, Soto RPL

Language: Spanish
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ABSTRACT

Introduction. It is considered that approximately 35% of students have some type of dental malocclusion, so that, it is necessary to know the current state of malocclusion that affects our population to describe the malocclusion frequency according to the three planes of space and the position of the teeth, in students from four to fifteen years old, belonging to educational support units of Cuenca, Ecuador, included in the 2015-2016 and 2016-2017 school year. Methods. A relational and cross-sectional study in the school period 2015-2016 and 2016-2017. The universe of study was carried out in students from four to fifteen years old of public educational institutions of Cuenca. The sample was taken by means a simple stratified random sampling with proportional allocation according to the grade of study and school, resulting in a definitive total representative sample of 1627 students. Results. 88.8% of the studied population presented some type of malocclusion, being predominant: at least two conditions of malocclusion in 82,8%; 67,9% presented malocclusion due to front slowly malposition; in the sagittal relation the unilateral canine class II was 30.7% and bilateral molar mesiocclusion in 48%, while in the previous one the increased projection was 66.6%; in the cross-sectional relationship, the unilateral crossbite was 56% and the deviation of the midline in 37.8%; in the vertical plane the unilateral edge to-edge was 64.4% and the deep bite was 63.7%; light crowding front upper and front lower was relevant. Conclusions. The prevalence of malocclusion was high, more than three quarters of the study population suffered from malocclusion, it is essential to understand that the older the student is the greater the number of malocclusion conditions.