medigraphic.com
Órgano Oficial de la Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología

2019, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Ann Hepatol 2019; 18 (1)

Challenges in Management of Hepatitis A Virus Epidemiological Transition in Mexico

Trujillo-Ochoa JL, Viera-Segura O, Fierro NA

Language: English
References: 43
Page: 14-22
PDF size: 544.84 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. The virus is mainly transmitted via the fecaloral route and, the incidence of infection is closely related to low socioeconomic conditions and poor sanitation. Mexico, previously categorized an area of high endemicity for HAV infection, is undergoing epidemiological transition. However, a limited number of HAV-related scientific reports regarding to virus burden is available. According to the local government health agency (Secretaría de Salud, SSA in Spanish), from 1994 to 2017 a reduction in the incidence of hepatitis related to HAV has been reported. However, HAV is still the most common cause of viral hepatitis in the country, and the pediatric population is the most prone to be infected with this virus. The analysis of the SSA data reveals that most of the reported cases from 1994 to 2017 were found in highly industrialized states. This information contradicts the documented relationship between the highest prevalence of infection and the lowest socio-economic status, and supports the necessity of viral detection and notification of HAV cases. Moreover, in spite that four HAV vaccines are available in Mexico and universal vaccination has been shown to be beneficial in developing countries in terms of declining endemicity, HAV vaccination is not mandatory in Mexico. In this review, preventive strategies including appropriate diagnosis, vaccination and public health policies on the basis of the epidemiologic status of HAV in Mexico are discussed.


REFERENCES

  1. Martin A, Lemon SM. Hepatitis A virus: from discovery to vaccines. Hepatology 2006; 43: S164-S172.

  2. Cook N, Bertrand I, Gantzer C, Pinto RM, Bosch A. Persistence of Hepatitis A Virus in Fresh Produce and Production Environments, and the Effect of Disinfection Procedures: A Review. Food Environ Virol 2018; 10: 253-62.

  3. Chatziprodromidou IP, Bellou M, Vantarakis G, Vantarakis A. Viral outbreaks linked to fresh produce consumption: a systematic review. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124: 932-42.

  4. Munoz-Martinez SG, Diaz-Hernandez HA, Suarez-Flores D, Sanchez-Avila JF, Gamboa-Dominguez A, Garcia-Juarez I, Torre A. Atypical manifestations of hepatitis A virus infection. Rev Gastroenterol Mex 2018; 83: 134-43.

  5. Shin EC, Jeong SH. Natural History, Clinical Manifestations, and Pathogenesis of Hepatitis A. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8: a031708.

  6. Kim JD, Choi JY, Park CH, Song MJ, Jang JW, Bae SH, Yoon SK, et al. Clinical features of patients with fulminant hepatitis A requiring emergency liver transplantation: comparison with acute liver failure due to other causes. Korean J Hepatol 2010; 16: 19-28.

  7. Sotelo N, de los Angeles Durazo M, Gonzalez A, Dhanakotti N. Early treatment with N-acetylcysteine in children with acute liver failure secondary to hepatitis A. Ann Hepatol 2009; 8: 353-8.

  8. Bach JF. The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases. N Engl J Med 2002; 347: 911- 20.

  9. Stuurman AL, Marano C, Bunge EM, De Moerlooze L, Shouval D. Impact of universal mass vaccination with monovalent inactivated hepatitis A vaccines - A systematic review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13: 724-36.

  10. World Health Organization (WHO). Immunological Basis for Immunization Series Module 18: Hepatitis A [Internet]. WHO. [Feb 2011; cited 2018 Aug 31]. Retrieved from: http:// apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/44570/ 9789241501422_eng.pdf?sequence=1.

  11. Daniels D, Grytdal S, Wasley A, Centers for Disease C, Prevention. Surveillance for acute viral hepatitis - United States, 2007. MMWR Surveill Summ 2009; 58: 1-27.

  12. Spradling PR, Xing J, Phippard A, Fonseca-Ford M, Montiel S, Guzman NL, Campuzano RV, et al. Acute viral hepatitis in the United States-Mexico border region: data from the Border Infectious Disease Surveillance (BIDS) Project, 2000-2009. J Immigr Minor Health 2013; 15: 390-7.

  13. Kumate J, Alvizouri AM, Isibasi A. Encuesta serológica de hepatitis A en niños de México. Bol Sanit Panam 1982; 92: 494-9.

  14. Secretaria de Salud (SSA). Histórico Boletín Epidemiológico. [Internet]. México:gob.mx. [Apr 2017, cited 2018 Aug 31]. Retrieved from: https://www.gob.mx/salud/acciones-y-programas/ historico-boletin-epidemiologico.

  15. Secretaría de Salud (SSA). Anuario de Morbilidad 1984- 2017. Morbilidad por Enfermedad. [Internet]. México:gob.mx. [Aug 2018, cited 2018 Aug 31]. Retrieved from: http:// w w w . epidemiologia. salud. gob. mx/anuario/html/morbilidad_enfermedad.html.

  16. Tanaka J. Hepatitis A shifting epidemiology in Latin America. Vaccine 2000; 18(Suppl. 1): S57-S60.

  17. García-Juárez I, Solórzano F, Álvarez-y-Muñoz MT, Vázquez-Rosales JG. ¿Existe transición en el patrón endémico de la hepatitis A en población infantil Mexicana? Rev Invest Clin 2008; 60: 292-6.

  18. Jacobsen KH, Koopman JS. Declining hepatitis A seroprevalence: a global review and analysis. Epidemiol Infect 2004; 132: 1005-22.

  19. Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (CONEVAL). Medición de la Pobreza 2008-2016. [Internet]. México:gob.mx [Aug 2018, cited 2018 Aug 31]. Retrieved from: https://www.coneval.org.mx/Medicion/Paginas/ Pobreza_2008-2016.aspx

  20. Realpe-Quintero M, Copado-Villagrana ED, Trujillo-Ochoa JL, Alvarez AH, Panduro A, Fierro NA. Cytokine Signatures Discriminate Highly Frequent Acute Hepatitis a Virus and Hepatitis E Virus Coinfections from Monoinfections in Mexican Pediatric Patients. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2017; 36: 689-92.

  21. Realpe-Quintero M, Mirazo S, Viera-Segura O, Copado-Villagrana E, Panduro A, Roman S, Arbiza J, et al. Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 1 and Hepatitis A Virus Dual Infection in Pediatric Patients with a Low Socioeconomic Status from Mexico. Intervirology 2018, in press.

  22. Escobedo-Melendez G, Fierro NA, Roman S, Maldonado- Gonzalez M, Zepeda-Carrillo E, Panduro A. Prevalence of hepatitis A, B and C serological markers in children from western Mexico. Ann Hepatol 2012; 11: 194-201.

  23. Ruiz-Gomez J, Bustamante-Calvillo ME. Hepatitis A antibodies: prevalence and persistence in a group of Mexican children. Am J Epidemiol 1985; 121: 116-9.

  24. Bustamante-Calvillo ME, Correa M, Álvarez y Muñoz MT, Ruiz-Gómez J, Muñoz HO. Etiología de la hepatitis en la ciudad de México. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 1986; 43: 5-10.

  25. Bustamante-Calvillo ME, Ruiz-Gomez J. Hepatitis A. II. Incidence in children 0-5 years of age. Gac Med Mex 1983; 119: 77-81.

  26. Montijo-Barrios E, García-López R, Cervantes-Bustamante R, Ramírez-Mayans J, Mata-Rivera N, Zarate-Mondragon F, Garcia-Campos M. Etiology of sudden hepatitis in children. Rev Enfer Infec Pediatr 2006; 19.20 (77).

  27. Barriga AG, Arumir EC, Mercado GF, Molina FX. Serological markers of viral hepatitis (A, B, C) in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis. Rev Mex Patol Clin 2008; 55: 143-8.

  28. Panduro A, Escobedo Melendez G, Fierro NA, Ruiz Madrigal B, Zepeda-Carrillo EA, Roman S. Epidemiology of viral hepatitis in Mexico. Salud Publica Mex 2011; 53(Suppl. 1): S37- S45.

  29. Valdespino JL, Ruiz-Gómez J, Olaiz-Fernández G, Arias-Toledo E, Conde-González EJ, Palma O, Sepulveda J. Seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in Mexico. A detector of social inequity and monitor of immunization policies. Salud Publica Mex 2007; 49(Suppl. 3): S377-S385.

  30. Gersberg RM, Rose MA, Robles-Sikisaka R, Dhar AK. Quantitative detection of hepatitis a virus and enteroviruses near the United States-Mexico border and correlation with levels of fecal indicator bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2006; 72: 7438-44.

  31. Felix JL, Fernandez YC, Velarde-Felix JS, Torres BV, Chaidez C. Detection and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis A virus and norovirus in marine recreational waters of Mexico. J Water Health 2010; 8: 269-78.

  32. Van Effelterre T, Guignard A, Marano C, Rojas R, Jacobsen KH. Modeling the hepatitis A epidemiological transition in Brazil and Mexico. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2017; 13: 1942-51.

  33. Andre FE. Approaches to a vaccine against hepatitis A: development and manufacture of an inactivated vaccine. J Infect Dis 1995; 171(Suppl. 1): S33-S39.

  34. Vizzotti C, Gonzalez J, Gentile A, Rearte A, Ramonet M, Canero- Velasco MC, Perez-Carrega ME, et al. Impact of the single- dose immunization strategy against hepatitis A in Argentina. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2014; 33: 84-8.

  35. Estripeaut D, Contreras R, Tinajeros O, Castrejon MM, Shafi F, Ortega-Barria E, De Antonio R. Impact of Hepatitis A vaccination with a two-dose schedule in Panama: Results of epidemiological surveillance and time trend analysis. Vaccine 2015; 33: 3200-7.

  36. Collier MG, Tong X, Xu F. Hepatitis A hospitalizations in the United States, 2002-2011. Hepatology 2015; 61: 481-5.

  37. Brito WI, Alves-Junior ER, Oliveira RM, Souto FJD. Initial evaluation of universal immunization with a single dose against hepatitis A virus in Central Brazil. Braz J Infect Dis 2018; 22: 166-70.

  38. Comisión Federal para la Protección contra Riesgos Sanitarios (Cofepris). Vacunas Autorizadas en Mexico. [Internet]. Mexico:gob.mx. [Nov 2017, cited 2018 Aug 31]. Retrieved from: http://www.cofepris.gob.mx/AS/Documents/Registro- Sanitario Medicamentos/Vacunas/Vacunas.pdf.

  39. Secretaría de Salud (SSA). Vacunación para Viajeros Internacionales. [Internet]. Mexico:gob.mx. [Sep 2015, cited 2018 Aug 31]. Retrieved from: https://www.gob.mx/ salud/acciones- y-programas/vacunacion-para-viajeros-internacionales.

  40. Secretaría de Salud (SSA). Manual de Vacunación, edición 2017. [Internet]. Mexico:gob.mx. [Nov 2017, cited 2018 Aug 31]. Retrieved from: https://www.gob.mx/salud%7Ccensia/ documentos/manual-de-vacunacion-edicion-2017.

  41. Van Effelterre T, De Antonio-Suarez R, Cassidy A, Romano- Mazzotti L, Marano C. Model-based projections of the population- level impact of hepatitis A vaccination in Mexico. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2012; 8: 1099-108.

  42. Chi V, Cleary S, Bocchini JA, Jr. In pursuit of control and elimination: update on hepatitis A and B epidemiology and prevention strategies. Curr Opin Pediatr 2018; 30: 689-97

  43. World Health Organization (WHO). Hepatitis A [Internet]. WHO. [Jul 2017; cited 2018 Aug 31]. Retrieved from: http:// www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-a.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com