Díaz DG, Marsán SV, Hernández PC, Lam DRM, Quintero SY, Olivera MO

Language: Spanish
References: 0
Page: 50-57
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ABSTRACT

Introduction: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a malignant clonal disease affecting the hematopoietic stem cells. It is caused by a genetic mutation which consists in the reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22, called Philadelphia chromosome. The clinical course of the disease is divided into three phases: chronic phase, accelerated phase and blast crisis. Patients in blast crisis respond poorly to the treatments and have a weak prognosis.
Objectives: To characterize the immunophenotype of blast and to evaluate the expression of the specific antigens of lymphoid and myeloid lineage of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis.
Methods: Bone marrow and peripheral blood samples were taken for flow cytometry of seven patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in blast crisis. Cell immunophenotyping was performed on a GALLIOS cytometer, Beckman Coulter. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kaluza software.
Results: The results showed that six patients developed a myeloid blast crisis, which represented 85.72 % of the total samples and a single patient was diagnosed with a cortical T lymphoid blast crisis. The most frequently expressed antigens were CD13 (85.7 %), CD15 (85.7 %), CD33 (71.4 %) and CD38 antigenic marker (57.1 %).
Conclusions: It was demonstrated that blast crisis are mostly of myeloid strain and that, although very rare, blast-type T lymphoid crisis can be observed. Cellular immunophenotyping by flow cytometry allowed to define the lineage of the blasts of the patients in the phase of crisis. These results were of great importance for the establishment of an adequate and effective treatment in the patients.