medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2018, Number 5

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2018; 60 (5)

New tobacco products, a threat for tobacco control and public health of Mexico

Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I, Zavala-Arciniega L, Arillo-Santillán E

Language: Spanish
References: 45
Page: 598-604
PDF size: 233.88 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The new tobacco products that include electronic cigarettes (called “E Cig”, “e-hookahs”, “mods”, “vape-pens”), electronic nicotine delivery systems (SEAN, Spanish acronym), similar systems without nicotine (SSSN, Spanish acronym) and alternative nicotine consumption systems (SACN, Spanish acronym), are positioned in the global market with a discourse of harm reduction and risk minimization. This manuscript summarizes the scientific evidence and presents a regulatory proposal for this technological innovation, oriented to guide the decision making of legislators, government institutions and organized civil society. The scientific evidence concludes that there is no safe tobacco product for health. The addictive nature of nicotine and the health damages for children, adolescents and pregnant women is the fundamental argument. These new products promote the transition to conventional cigarettes and have not shown efficacy for smoking cessation, on the contrary, they promote dual use. High-level regulation must be formulated without the intervention of the manufacturers or institutions with a conflict of interest in the context of the complete and integral World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control implementation.


REFERENCES

  1. Zhu SH, Sun JY, Bonnevie E, Cummins S, Gamst A, Yin L, et al. Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation. Tob Control. 2014;23(suppl 3):iii3-iii9. https://doi. org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2014-051670

  2. Ayers JW, Althouse BM, Allem JP, Leas EC, Dredze M, Williams R. Revisiting the Rise of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Using Search Query Surveillance. Am J Prev Med. 2016;50(6):e173-81. https://.doi.org/10.1016/j. amepre.2015.12.008

  3. Caputi TL, Leas E, Dredze M, Cohen JE, Ayers JW. They’re heating up: Internet search query trends reveal significant public interest in heat-notburn tobacco products. PLoS ONE. 2017;12(10): e0185735. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185735

  4. Conference of the Parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems and Electronic Non-Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS/ENNDS) [citado abril 23, 2018]. Disponible en: https://www.who.int/fctc/cop/cop7/FCTC_COP_7_11_EN.pdf?ua=1

  5. U. S. Public Health Services. E-cigarette use among youth and young adults: a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2016 [citado julio 2018]. Disponible en: https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_sgr_full_report_ non-508.pdf

  6. Dutra LM, Grana R, Glantz SA. Philip Morris research on precursors to the modern e-cigarette since 1990. Tob Control. 2017;26(e2):e97-105. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053406

  7. Drope J, Cahn Z, Kennedy R, Liber AC, Stoklosa M, Henson R et al. Key issues surrounding the health impacts of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) and other sources of nicotine. CA Cancer J Clin. 2017;67(6):449-71. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21413

  8. Allen JG, Flanigan SS, LeBlanc M, Vallarino J, MacNaughton P, Stewart JH et al. Flavoring Chemicals in E-Cigarettes: Diacetyl, 2,3-Pentanedione, and Acetoin in a Sample of 51 Products, Including Fruit-, Candy-, and Cocktail- Flavored E-Cigarettes. Environ Health Perspect. 2016;124(6):733-9. https:// doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510185

  9. Farsalinos KE, Kistler KA, Gillman G, Voudris V. Evaluation of electronic cigarette liquids and aerosol for the presence of selected inhalation toxins. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(2):168-74. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu176

  10. Goniewicz ML, Knysak J, Gawron M, Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Kurek J, et al. Levels of selected carcinogens and toxicants in vapour from electronic cigarettes. Tob Control. 2014;23:133-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol- 2012-050859

  11. Saffari A, Daher N, Ruprecht A, De Marco C, Pozzi P, Boffi R, et al. Particulate metals and organic compounds from electronic and tobaccocontaining cigarettes: comparison of emission rates and secondhand exposure. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2014;16(10):2259-67. https://doi. org/10.1039/c4em00415a

  12. Williams M, Bozhilov K, Ghai S, Talbot P. Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0175430. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0175430

  13. Williams M, Villarreal A, Bozhilov K, Lin S, Talbot P. Metal and silicate particles including nanoparticles are present in electronic cigarette cartomizer fluid and aerosol. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e57987. https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0057987

  14. Lerner CA, Rutagarama P, Ahmad T, Sundar IK, Elder A, Rahman I. Electronic cigarette aerosols and copper nanoparticles induce mitochondrial stress and promote DNA fragmentation in lung fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2016;477(4):620-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.06.109

  15. Lerner CA, Sundar IK, Watson RM, Elder A, Jones R, Done D, et al. Environmental health hazards of e-cigarettes and their components: Oxidants and copper in e-cigarette aerosols. Environ Pollut. 2015;198:100-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.033

  16. Ogunwale MA, Li M, Ramakrishnam-Raju MV, Chen Y, Nantz MH, Conklin DJ,et al. Aldehyde Detection in Electronic Cigarette Aerosols. ACS Omega. 2017;2(3):1207-14. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.6b00489

  17. El-Hellani A, Salman R, El-Hage R, Talih S, Malek N, Baalbaki R et al. Nicotine and carbonyl emissions from popular electronic cigarette products: correlation to liquid composition and design characteristics. Nicotine Tob Res. 2018;20(2):215-23. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw280

  18. Han S, Chen H, Zhang X, Liu T, Fu Y. Levels of Selected Groups of Compounds in Refill Solutions for Electronic Cigarettes. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016;18(5):708-14. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv189

  19. Bekki K, Uchiyama S, Ohta K, Inaba Y, Nakagome H, Kunugita N. Carbonyl compounds generated from electronic cigarettes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2014;11(11):11192-200. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph111111192

  20. Kosmider L, Sobczak A, Fik M, Knysak J, Zaciera M, Kurek J et al. Carbonyl compounds in electronic cigarette vapors: effects of nicotine solvent and battery output voltage. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(10):1319- 26. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu078

  21. Wang P, Chen W, Liao J, Matsuo T, Ito K, Fowles J et al. A Device-independent evaluation of carbonyl emissions from heated electronic cigarette solvents. PLoS One. 2017;12(1):e0169811. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0169811

  22. Famele M, Ferranti C, Abenavoli C, Palleschi L, Mancinelli R, Draisci R. The chemical components of electronic cigarette cartridges and refill fluids: review of analytical methods. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(3):271-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu197

  23. World Health Organization. Heated tobacco products (HTPs) information sheet. Geneva: who [citado abril 2018]. Disponible en: http://www.who. int/tobacco/publications/prod_regulation/heated-tobacco-products/en/

  24. Barrington-Trimis JL, Berhane K, Unger JB, Cruz TB, Huh J, Leventhal AM, et al. Psychosocial factors associated with adolescent electronic cigarette and cigarette use. Pediatrics. 2015;136(2):308-17. https://doi. org/10.1542/peds.2015-0639

  25. Leventhal AM, Strong DR, Kirkpatrick MG, Unger JB, Sussman S, Riggs NR, et al. Association of electronic cigarette use with initiation of combustible tobacco product smoking in early adolescence. JAMA. 2015;314(7):700-7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.8950

  26. Singh T, Arrazola RA, Corey CG, Husten CG, Neff LJ, Homa DM, King BA. Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2011-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(14):361-7. https//doi. org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6514a1

  27. U. S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking - 50 years of progress: a report of the surgeon general. Rockville, MD: U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2014:1-1081 [citado julio 2018]. Disponible en: https://www.surgeongeneral. gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/full-report.pdf

  28. Diario Oficial de la Federación. Ley General para el Control del Tabaco. [citado abril 2018] Disponible en: https://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/ attachment/file/129568/Ley_General_para_el_Control_del_Tabaco.pdf

  29. Blanco A, Sandoval R, Martínez-López L, Caixeta R. Diez años del Convenio Marco de la Organización Mundial de la Salud para el Control del Tabaco: avances en las Américas. Salud Publica Mex. 2017;59(supl 1):S117-25. https://doi.org/10.21149/8682

  30. Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Zavala-Arciniega L, Paz-Ballesteros WC, Gutiérrez-Torres DS, García-Buendía JC, Rodríguez-Andrade MA, et al. Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco 2016-2017: reporte de tabaco. Ciudad de México: INPRFM, 2017.

  31. Lozano P, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I, Arillo-Santillán E, Morello P, Mejia R, Sargent JD, et al. A longitudinal study of electronic cigarette use and onset of conventional cigarette smoking and marijuana use among Mexican adolescents. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;180:427-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. drugalcdep.2017.09.001

  32. Thrasher JF, Abad-Vivero EN, Barrientos-Gutiérrez I, Pérez-Hernández R, Reynales-Shigematsu LM, Mejía R, et al. Prevalence and Correlates of E-Cigarette Perceptions and Trial Among Early Adolescents in Mexico. J Adolesc Health 2016;58:358-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth. 2015.11.008

  33. Hartmann-Boyce J, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Begh R, Stead LF, Hajek P. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;9:CD010216. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010216.pub3

  34. McRobbie H, Bullen C, Hartmann-Boyce J, Hajek P. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation and reduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;12:CD010216. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010216

  35. Bullen C. Electronic cigarettes for smoking cessation. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2014;16(11):538. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j3506

  36. Caponnetto P, Campagna D, Cibella F, Morjaria JB, Caruso M, Russo C et al. Efficiency and safety of an electronic cigarette (ECLAT) as tobacco cigarettes substitute: a prospective 12-month randomized control design study. PLoS One. 2013;8(6):e66317. https://doi.org/10.1371/annotation/ e12c22d3-a42b-455d-9100-6c7ee45d58d0

  37. Rigotti NA, Chang Y, Tindle HA, Kalkhoran SM, Levy DE, Regan S, et al. Association of e-cigarette use with smoking cessation among smokers who plan to quit after a hospitalization: a prospective study. Ann Intern Med. 2018;168(9):613-20. https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-2048

  38. K Stratton, Kwan LY, David L. Eaton, eds. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. Consensus Study Report. The National Academie of Sciences, 2018. [citado abril 2018]. Disponible en: http://nationalacademies.org/ hmd/Reports/2018/public-health-consequences-of-e-cigarettes.aspx

  39. Secretaría de Salud. NOM-028-SSA2-1999, Para la prevención, tratamiento y control de las adicciones. México: DOF, 12 de abril 2000.

  40. Green LW, Fielding JE, Brownson RC. The debate about electronic cigarettes: harm minimization or the precautionary principle. Annu Rev Public Health. 2018;39:189-91. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth- 102417-124810

  41. Organización Mundial de la Salud, WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Convenio Marco de la OMS para el Control del Tabaco. Ginebra: OMS, 2003 [citado abril 2018]. Disponible en: http://apps.who.int/ iris/bitstream/10665/42811/1/9241591013.pdf?ua=1

  42. Bold KW, Sussman S, O’Malley SS, Grana R, Foulds J, Fishbein H et al. Measuring E-cigarette dependence: Initial guidance. Addict Behav. 2018;79:213-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.015

  43. Global Tobacco Economics Consortium. The health, poverty, and financial consequences of a cigarette price increase among 500 million male smokers in 13 middle income countries: compartmental model study. BMJ. 2018;361:k1162. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k1162

  44. Chaffee B, Watkins S, Glantz S. Electronic Cigarette Use and Progression from Experimentation to Established Smoking. Pediatrics. 2018;141(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-3594

  45. United Nations Treaty Collection, WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Status of treaties. Ginebra: WHO, 2003 [citado abril 2018]. Disponible en: https://treaties.un.org/pages/ViewDetails. aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IX-4&chapter=9&lang=en




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com